10.00, este comando tiene variedad de parámetros que podrías usar como por ejemplo: subtractfeefromamount=true y la comisión es descontada de los 10 satoshis y no de tu saldo total, con los 3 primeros parámetros sería suficiente, como respuesta tendrías el txid de la trx, el cual te da acceso a toda la información de cómo tu trx se está validando en la red",{"_30":18148,"_32":18149},[],{"_34":35,"_36":18150,"_38":1137,"_40":18151,"_42":18152,"_55":57,"_53":57},"mB4WfQLJ",{},[],{"_30":18154,"_32":18155},[],{"_34":35,"_36":18156,"_38":1146,"_40":18157,"_42":18158,"_55":18163,"_53":57},"1WjrJmdR",{},[18159],{"_34":1334,"_46":18160,"_49":18161,"_40":18162,"_53":57},[218],[1763],{},"uptime",{"_30":18165,"_32":18166},[],{"_34":35,"_36":18167,"_38":1146,"_40":18168,"_42":18169,"_55":18170,"_53":57},"kQzj_S1U",{},[],"ejecutando este comando, como respuesta obtendrás el tiempo total que tu servidor ha estado ejecutándose en formato de segundos. así podrás controlar que tu nodo este arriba todo el tiempo",{"_34":1359,"_36":18172,"_38":1146,"_40":18173,"_42":18174,"_55":18179,"_53":57},"GBr-zFdk",{"_107":108},[18175],{"_34":1334,"_46":18176,"_49":18177,"_40":18178,"_53":57},[218],[1729],{},"Otros comandos RPC para interactuar con tu nodo:",{"_30":18181,"_32":18182},[],{"_34":35,"_36":18183,"_38":1146,"_40":18184,"_42":18185,"_55":57,"_53":57},"-vXUnDOC",{},[],{"_30":18187,"_32":18188},[],{"_34":35,"_36":18189,"_38":1146,"_40":18190,"_42":18191,"_55":4228,"_53":57},"wI0dS9gI",{},[18192],{"_34":1437,"_46":18193,"_49":18194,"_40":18195,"_53":57},[218],[4103],{},{"_30":18197,"_32":18198},[],{"_34":4232,"_36":18199,"_38":1146,"_40":18200,"_42":18201,"_55":57,"_53":4239},"QKc6uN3M",{"_107":108,"_120":4235,"_4236":4237},[],{"_30":18203,"_32":18204},[],{"_34":35,"_36":18205,"_38":1146,"_40":18206,"_42":18207,"_55":17410,"_53":57},"dbZVtJjM",{},[18208],{"_34":45,"_46":18209,"_49":18210,"_40":18211,"_53":17409},[1353],[2999],{},[82],"/blog/comandos-p2p","2025-06-27T07:24:22.266Z",{"_120":1155,"_122":1156,"_124":905,"_131":132},{},{"_139":1146,"_143":1153},{"_36":1134,"_151":82,"_83":18219,"_110":1137,"_153":-5,"_154":-5,"_155":-5,"_156":-5,"_150":6},[288,1136],1779649838838,[230,1134,1137,6],"[\"ENTITY\",\"hm://z6MknQkJAHE8T2Au5FLRZS2Pm3yME2dmJPcbTjwXXFUGq7BY/blog/comandos-p2p\",\"bafy2bzacedegsr3lsj6m5ib4mpbe5igglhjutkl75ov6bpnotrkybyocetcek\",true]",{"_165":18224,"_228":19322,"_231":19323},{"_167":18225,"_212":213,"_214":19321,"_216":-5,"_217":218,"_219":218,"_220":218,"_221":-5,"_222":-5,"_223":23,"_224":225,"_226":227},{"_34":25,"_25":18226,"_36":19319},{"_27":18227,"_110":1162,"_111":82,"_112":19314,"_83":19315,"_114":1169,"_116":1169,"_118":19316,"_137":19317,"_139":1162,"_141":19318,"_145":146},[18228,18235,18241,18248,18254,18261,18267,18300,18317,18323,18339,18345,18352,18358,18365,18376,18382,18399,18406,18413,18420,18426,18433,18508,18515,18521,18532,18557,18581,18611,18628,18634,18641,18647,18654,18666,18684,18804,18810,18817,18823,18830,18836,18906,18973,18979,18991,18997,19004,19011,19028,19085,19100,19106,19113,19120,19126,19161,19167,19192,19198,19205,19211,19222,19229,19235,19242,19255,19261,19268,19274,19281,19298,19304],{"_30":18229,"_32":18230},[],{"_34":1359,"_36":18231,"_38":1162,"_40":18232,"_42":18233,"_55":18234,"_53":57},"OUPk_jog",{},[],"Carteras, monederos, wallets o llaveros",{"_30":18236,"_32":18237},[],{"_34":35,"_36":18238,"_38":1162,"_40":18239,"_42":18240,"_55":57,"_53":57},"PvmHPGdZ",{},[],{"_30":18242,"_32":18243},[],{"_34":35,"_36":18244,"_38":1162,"_40":18245,"_42":18246,"_55":18247,"_53":57},"7cmgidN8",{},[],"Existe una gran variedad de información sobre las carteras de bitcoin o wallets, por su termino en inglés. También puedes encontrar información que las menciona como monederos o llaveros, y aunque trataré de explicar qué son y cómo funcionan, quiero advertir que es un tema muy extenso y en continua evolución, por lo que es probable que haya algunas cosas que se me queden en el tintero, pero trataré de hacer un articulo entendible y lo más actualizado que los desarrolladores me lo permitan, también decirte que el artículo es un poco extenso, te pido paciencia, creo que el tema es lo suficientemente importante y lo requiere por lo que puedes leerlo con lápiz y papel en mano y en 2 o 3 partes.",{"_30":18249,"_32":18250},[],{"_34":35,"_36":18251,"_38":1162,"_40":18252,"_42":18253,"_55":1474,"_53":57},"9j-FhlF7",{},[],{"_30":18255,"_32":18256},[],{"_34":1359,"_36":18257,"_38":1162,"_40":18258,"_42":18259,"_55":18260,"_53":57},"ob-308VO",{},[],"¿Porqué son importantes las carteras?",{"_30":18262,"_32":18263},[],{"_34":35,"_36":18264,"_38":1162,"_40":18265,"_42":18266,"_55":1474,"_53":57},"I0ylTzUV",{},[],{"_30":18268,"_32":18295},[18269],{"_30":18270,"_32":18271},[],{"_34":35,"_36":18272,"_38":1162,"_40":18273,"_42":18274,"_55":18294,"_53":57},"Bb4eN4e2",{},[18275,18281,18288],{"_34":1334,"_46":18276,"_49":18278,"_40":18280,"_53":57},[218,18277],559,[1439,18279],646,{},{"_34":45,"_46":18282,"_49":18284,"_40":18286,"_53":18287},[18283],553,[18285],557,{},"https://dinerosinreglas.com/como-funciona#utxo",{"_34":45,"_46":18289,"_49":18291,"_40":18293,"_53":7174},[18290],647,[18292],686,{},"La experiencia del usuario: No confundir con el termino UX (User eXperience), me refiero a la habilidad que un usuario tenga con el manejo de la tecnología, es decir, un usuario con mayor experiencia y conocimiento de Bitcoin, se sentirá más seguro usando carteras que brinden mayor seguridad pero que a la vez le permitan mayores capacidades de uso; por ejemplo, un usuario recién iniciado, seguramente no se sienta confortable usando una cartera que le pida seleccionar los UTXO’s a gastar, cuando es probable que todavía no tenga muy claro que es un UTXO, para que que te hagas una idea rápida, un utxo sería como el equivalente a las monedas (aquí lo explico con algo más de detalle). Sin embargo un usuario con mayor experiencia buscará carteras que le permitan controlar lo que envía, identificarlas con etiquetas y además hacerla multi-firma, por ejemplo.",{"_34":35,"_36":18296,"_38":1162,"_40":18297,"_42":18298,"_55":18299,"_53":57},"9b4yNR_u",{"_107":1465},[],"Una cartera es fundamental hablando de Bitcoin, recuerda que Bitcoin es una tecnología y además nueva, en plena evolución, por ello la selección y uso de una cartera va a depender de dos factores (bajo mi punto de vista):",{"_30":18301,"_32":18313},[18302],{"_30":18303,"_32":18304},[],{"_34":35,"_36":18305,"_38":1162,"_40":18306,"_42":18307,"_55":18312,"_53":57},"W1lRcdkY",{},[18308],{"_34":1334,"_46":18309,"_49":18310,"_40":18311,"_53":57},[218],[1987],{},"Las necesidades del usuario: Aunque van un poco de la mano del punto anterior, no necesariamente son lo mismo. Por ejemplo, una persona que esta pensando en acumular, no necesita demasiadas funcionalidades, lo que le valdrá es que su cartera le provea un grado de seguridad mayor y que pueda usar de manera rápida y sencilla para ir acumulando y además que le brinde una salida rápida (envió) cuando así lo necesite. Lo anterior independientemente del grado de conocimiento que pueda tener. Por otro lado, un usuario cuya necesidad sea transaccionar con relativa frecuencia y rapidez, seguramente necesitará una cartera que tenga, por ejemplo, conexión con la red de Lightning (o como se suele abreviar: LN) ya que le da la posibilidad de mantener un cierto saldo en la cadena principal (Bitcoin) y además para pagos rápidos, acceder a la capa 2 de Bitcoin, denominada Lightning Network, de la cual espero hablar en breve en otro artículo.",{"_34":35,"_36":18314,"_38":1162,"_40":18315,"_42":18316,"_55":1474,"_53":57},"npPNQpTk",{"_107":1465},[],{"_30":18318,"_32":18319},[],{"_34":35,"_36":18320,"_38":1162,"_40":18321,"_42":18322,"_55":1474,"_53":57},"VK5-hFgX",{},[],{"_30":18324,"_32":18325},[],{"_34":35,"_36":18326,"_38":1162,"_40":18327,"_42":18328,"_55":18338,"_53":57},"M3-4pdM4",{},[18329,18334],{"_34":1334,"_46":18330,"_49":18331,"_40":18333,"_53":57},[1366,9544],[1690,18332],394,{},{"_34":2813,"_46":18335,"_49":18336,"_40":18337,"_53":57},[9544],[2626],{},"Lo segundo pero no menos importante a indicar sobre las carteras, es que más allá del tipo de usuario que seas, lo que tienes que tener super claro es que si no controlas tus claves, si no eres tú y solo tú quién las tiene, NO tienes tus satoshis. Esta es la clave de toda la seguridad y desde mi punto de vista, el punto más importante a tener en consideración a la hora de evaluar tu cartera.",{"_30":18340,"_32":18341},[],{"_34":35,"_36":18342,"_38":1162,"_40":18343,"_42":18344,"_55":1474,"_53":57},"NbrOM_sr",{},[],{"_30":18346,"_32":18347},[],{"_34":35,"_36":18348,"_38":1162,"_40":18349,"_42":18350,"_55":18351,"_53":57},"s_g2_ooz",{},[],"Para poner un ejemplo, imagina que tienes un coche, es tuyo pero a pesar de que es tuyo y tu tienes las llaves del mismo, le diste (o te clonó) otro juego de llaves a tu hermana (por ejemplo), por mucho que sea tú hermana, ella tiene acceso a tu coche y en el momento en el que lo considere puede moverlo. En el caso de bitcoin, quién tenga las llaves privadas podría venderlos o enviárselos a otra cartera dónde tu no tengas acceso y por mucho que sepas quién lo hizo, no hay nada que puedas hacer para que te los devuelva si esa persona así no lo quiere.",{"_30":18353,"_32":18354},[],{"_34":35,"_36":18355,"_38":1162,"_40":18356,"_42":18357,"_55":57,"_53":57},"hLNLzWRS",{},[],{"_30":18359,"_32":18360},[],{"_34":1535,"_36":18361,"_38":1162,"_40":18362,"_42":18363,"_55":57,"_53":18364},"zZ5P8jnq",{"_107":108},[],"ipfs://bafkreidlsko7amfsohqsafahuy4uc7zk32dvb73pbmjsdj7h7tqthtqqfa",{"_30":18366,"_32":18367},[],{"_34":35,"_36":18368,"_38":1162,"_40":18369,"_42":18370,"_55":18375,"_53":57},"ewCEXXZP",{},[18371],{"_34":1334,"_46":18372,"_49":18373,"_40":18374,"_53":57},[218],[1421],{},"“Independientemente del nivel de conocimiento que tengas o de tus necesidades de uso, lo más importante de una cartera, es que tengas a buen recaudo tus llaves. Si no tienes tus llaves, no tienes tus satoshis!!!”",{"_30":18377,"_32":18378},[],{"_34":35,"_36":18379,"_38":1162,"_40":18380,"_42":18381,"_55":57,"_53":57},"ZIl3p3_z",{},[],{"_30":18383,"_32":18390},[18384],{"_30":18385,"_32":18386},[],{"_34":35,"_36":18387,"_38":1162,"_40":18388,"_42":18389,"_55":57,"_53":57},"w5BwNpRe",{},[],{"_34":1359,"_36":18391,"_38":1162,"_40":18392,"_42":18393,"_55":18398,"_53":57},"mrmJI6xT",{"_107":108},[18394],{"_34":1334,"_46":18395,"_49":18396,"_40":18397,"_53":57},[218],[1987],{},"La Seguridad es fundamental",{"_30":18400,"_32":18401},[],{"_34":35,"_36":18402,"_38":1162,"_40":18403,"_42":18404,"_55":18405,"_53":57},"CBxu8Yjx",{},[],"Como toda tecnología, Bitcoin no esta exento de los riesgos que conlleva su uso, por ello es muy importante que lo tengas en consideración en todo momento durante el manejo de tus satoshis.",{"_30":18407,"_32":18408},[],{"_34":35,"_36":18409,"_38":1162,"_40":18410,"_42":18411,"_55":18412,"_53":57},"HUz0TDC7",{},[],"La seguridad debe ser referente, tanto a la seguridad informática como la de tu entorno.",{"_30":18414,"_32":18415},[],{"_34":35,"_36":18416,"_38":1162,"_40":18417,"_42":18418,"_55":18419,"_53":57},"mbIFh1jt",{},[],"Nunca realices operaciones en un ordenador que no tengas un alto grado de certeza de que este libre de virus y troyanos. No hagas transferencias desde un móvil que no tengas controlado y siempre, siempre mantén montos pequeños en los dispositivos que tengas conectados, tener tú cartera permanentemente conectada es un factor más de riesgo.",{"_30":18421,"_32":18422},[],{"_34":35,"_36":18423,"_38":1162,"_40":18424,"_42":18425,"_55":1474,"_53":57},"ByS_XTK0",{},[],{"_30":18427,"_32":18428},[],{"_34":35,"_36":18429,"_38":1162,"_40":18430,"_42":18431,"_55":18432,"_53":57},"Q2xGmOyB",{},[],"Fíjate donde estas operando y en tu entorno, verifica que no haya gente que pueda copiar tus claves, por mucho que te parezcan complicadas de aprender, además de que puedan tomarte una foto, asegúrate de que no haya alguna cámara grabando. Parece paranoia, pero recuerda, es tu dinero de lo que estamos hablando.",{"_30":18434,"_32":18504},[18435],{"_30":18436,"_32":18499},[18437,18444,18451,18458,18465,18472,18479,18486,18493],{"_30":18438,"_32":18439},[],{"_34":35,"_36":18440,"_38":1162,"_40":18441,"_42":18442,"_55":18443,"_53":57},"3U95_fJN",{},[],"Que sea Open Source, aunque tú no seas capaz de realizar una revisión del software, si es Open Source, muchos ojos estarán revisando que no tenga puertas traseras",{"_30":18445,"_32":18446},[],{"_34":35,"_36":18447,"_38":1162,"_40":18448,"_42":18449,"_55":18450,"_53":57},"KSISxcWe",{},[],"Que las semillas (ya hablaremos de ello más adelante) las puedas generar sin estar conectado a internet (modo offline)",{"_30":18452,"_32":18453},[],{"_34":35,"_36":18454,"_38":1162,"_40":18455,"_42":18456,"_55":18457,"_53":57},"VUKyTo2i",{},[],"Qué te permita añadir una contraseña o passphrase por su termino en inglés, esta funcionalidad añade seguridad y hace que esa contraseña se vuelva parte de tu semilla. Y obviamente, escoge una contraseña fuerte y segura",{"_30":18459,"_32":18460},[],{"_34":35,"_36":18461,"_38":1162,"_40":18462,"_42":18463,"_55":18464,"_53":57},"JoJbajmW",{},[],"Aunque va de la mano con la privacidad, escoger una cartera que te obligue a usar una dirección nueva cada vez que quieras recibir bitcoin, es un plus, no muchas carteras lo hacen, pero creo que debería ser algo obligado.",{"_30":18466,"_32":18467},[],{"_34":35,"_36":18468,"_38":1162,"_40":18469,"_42":18470,"_55":18471,"_53":57},"B3SOx6oz",{},[],"Muchas carteras ya incluyen conexión mediante TOR de forma nativa, es decir, en cuanto arrancas la cartera, lo hace a través de esta red, que ayuda en la seguridad y privacidad de tus transacciones.",{"_30":18473,"_32":18474},[],{"_34":35,"_36":18475,"_38":1162,"_40":18476,"_42":18477,"_55":18478,"_53":57},"csFWQu84",{},[],"Etiquetado de las transacciones, además de ayudarte a la seguridad (saber de quién o a quién has enviado) te ayuda a mantener el control de tus operaciones.",{"_30":18480,"_32":18481},[],{"_34":35,"_36":18482,"_38":1162,"_40":18483,"_42":18484,"_55":18485,"_53":57},"YtSIhUlc",{},[],"Si tu cartera se puede conectar a un Nodo de Bitcoin y ese nodo es tuyo, es lo mejor, nadie mejor que tu mismo para validar las transacciones.",{"_30":18487,"_32":18488},[],{"_34":35,"_36":18489,"_38":1162,"_40":18490,"_42":18491,"_55":18492,"_53":57},"XQxnDeYx",{},[],"Si además de tener cuentas para recibir y gastar bitcoin, tu cartera te permite tener carteras de vigilancia (Watchonly wallet) es lo mejor, así podrás crear tus carteras de vigilancia en tu dispositivo pero gastar desde una Hardware Wallet, por ejemplo",{"_30":18494,"_32":18495},[],{"_34":35,"_36":18496,"_38":1162,"_40":18497,"_42":18498,"_55":1474,"_53":57},"VAsuwpIR",{},[],{"_34":1359,"_36":18500,"_38":1162,"_40":18501,"_42":18502,"_55":18503,"_53":57},"vZcIzjPR",{"_107":1465},[],"Otros factores a considerar en la seguridad de una wallet: ",{"_34":35,"_36":18505,"_38":1162,"_40":18506,"_42":18507,"_55":57,"_53":57},"t2zJ_CBh",{"_107":108},[],{"_30":18509,"_32":18510},[],{"_34":35,"_36":18511,"_38":1162,"_40":18512,"_42":18513,"_55":18514,"_53":57},"4cLMFXY-",{},[],"Estos son solo algunas consideraciones, pero como decía al inicio, Bitcoin es una tecnología y en evolución, por lo que seguramente con el paso de los meses, haya que ir incluyendo nuevas recomendaciones.",{"_30":18516,"_32":18517},[],{"_34":35,"_36":18518,"_38":1162,"_40":18519,"_42":18520,"_55":57,"_53":57},"LrS1OWBP",{},[],{"_30":18522,"_32":18523},[],{"_34":1359,"_36":18524,"_38":1162,"_40":18525,"_42":18526,"_55":18531,"_53":57},"2NHHx5qk",{},[18527],{"_34":1334,"_46":18528,"_49":18529,"_40":18530,"_53":57},[218],[1454],{},"Tipos de carteras",{"_30":18533,"_32":18552},[18534],{"_30":18535,"_32":18543},[18536],{"_30":18537,"_32":18538},[],{"_34":35,"_36":18539,"_38":1162,"_40":18540,"_42":18541,"_55":18542,"_53":57},"MU6hgl3G",{},[],"El uso que recomiendo para este tipo de carteras es de respaldo, es decir, independientemente de que tengas una cartera digital, siempre, crea de esa cartera un respaldo en papel y guárdalo como si fuera un tesoro, ya que lo es. También las recomiendo para acumular, es decir si no vas a hacer uso de tus satoshis, esta es una buena opción y segura, ya que esta desconectada de la red.",{"_34":35,"_36":18544,"_38":1162,"_40":18545,"_42":18546,"_55":18551,"_53":57},"xSzYsgo4",{"_107":1465},[18547],{"_34":1334,"_46":18548,"_49":18549,"_40":18550,"_53":57},[218],[1366],{},"Cartera de papel: empiezo a describir brevemente este tipo de carteras porque lejos de lo que se puede llegar a pensar, existen formas de mantener una cartera de bitcoin en diferentes formatos y medios (cada vez se van innovando y se están creando nuevos tipos, casi todos en formato electrónico, sin embargo una cartera de papel, es de las formas más “antiguas” que se tiene de guardar satoshis. Es considerada por algunos de las más seguras, particularmente creo que no lo son tanto, ya que el papel tiene el peligro de perderse, deteriorarse con el tiempo o simplemente de que nunca recuerdes ¿dónde lo dejaste?. Sin entrar en detalles técnicos, el proceso consiste en proporcionarte un código o unas claves que apuntas en papel y que cuando quieres acceder a tus satoshis, incorporas en una cartera digital ya que debes tomar en consideración que al ser bitcoin dinero digital, esta registrado de esa forma en la red de Bitcoin y aunque puedas almacenar las claves de acceso en papel, siempre que quieras regresar a por ellos tendrás que volver a la red. Por ello y a pesar de sonar repetitivo, no me cansaré de decirte, lo más importante para tener acceso a tus satoshis, son tus claves y son únicamente tuyas, cualquiera que tenga acceso a ellas tiene acceso a tus satoshis.",{"_34":35,"_36":18553,"_38":1162,"_40":18554,"_42":18555,"_55":18556,"_53":57},"GHoR6qXj",{"_107":1465},[],"Pasando a los tipos de carteras, existe una gran variedad de puntos de vista sobre la clasificación, y cómo tecnología en evolución, no creo que sea una buena idea entrar en ese debate. De manera general si podríamos decir que existen, por lo menos los siguientes tipos de carteras:",{"_30":18558,"_32":18577},[18559],{"_30":18560,"_32":18568},[18561],{"_30":18562,"_32":18563},[],{"_34":35,"_36":18564,"_38":1162,"_40":18565,"_42":18566,"_55":18567,"_53":57},"HpJqbNTx",{},[],"La más segura en este momento, para mi (siempre son mis opiniones y como he dicho tienes que informarte y crearte tu propio criterio) se llama Cold Card, es una cartera que es muy sencilla, de uso relativamente fácil para quién ya tiene cierta experiencia con este tipo de dispositivos y además, por su apariencia no te imaginarías lo que es. Sin embargo existe varias marcas y modelos mas que también tienen buen renombre y funcionalidad.",{"_34":35,"_36":18569,"_38":1162,"_40":18570,"_42":18571,"_55":18576,"_53":57},"SyF2tQUi",{"_107":1465},[18572],{"_34":1334,"_46":18573,"_49":18574,"_40":18575,"_53":57},[218],[1571],{},"Cold Wallet: o carteras frías, se les llama así porque no están permanentemente conectadas a la red (ya sea a través de tu móvil o desde tu computadora), tienen un grado mayor de seguridad con respecto a las carteras conectadas ya que al no estar conectadas es más difícil de que sea hackeadas, además de que suelen tener contraseñas para confirmar las operaciones o pedir un cierta interacción con ellas para validar las operaciones, lo cual complica el poder transaccionar sin tenerlas físicamente. Este tipo de carteras funcionan ya que almacenan las llaves privadas en el dispositivo de forma más segura y un comentario que por lo menos a mí me hace sentir más confiado, es que la gran mayoría de las que existen en el mercado, contienen código Open Source, lo cual permite que muchos ojos verifiquen que efectivamente no contengan trampas. Obviamente este tipo de carteras requieren una cierta inversión, sin embargo, si lo piensas, la seguridad no tiene precio, y lo mejor es que siempre hay alguna alternativa dentro de las posibilidades de cada quién, de hecho existen tutoriales en Internet que proporcionan instrucciones para crear tus propias carteras partiendo de algún dispositivo tipo USB o algo parecido.",{"_34":35,"_36":18578,"_38":1162,"_40":18579,"_42":18580,"_55":1474,"_53":57},"BEwi8WrU",{"_107":1465},[],{"_30":18582,"_32":18607},[18583],{"_30":18584,"_32":18592},[18585],{"_30":18586,"_32":18587},[],{"_34":35,"_36":18588,"_38":1162,"_40":18589,"_42":18590,"_55":18591,"_53":57},"JzT3jyoS",{},[],"Por razones que creo son obvias, este tipo de carteras son menos seguras ya que están expuestas a Internet y por ende a una mayor posibilidad de ser atacadas. También podemos perder el dispositivo y con ello el acceso a la cartera. Pero tranquilo, si has tomado las debidas precauciones y haz realizado una copia de tus claves, siempre puedes recuperar tu cartera en otros dispositivos.",{"_34":35,"_36":18593,"_38":1162,"_40":18594,"_42":18595,"_55":18606,"_53":57},"EbkLguL1",{"_107":1465},[18596,18600],{"_34":1334,"_46":18597,"_49":18598,"_40":18599,"_53":57},[218],[1641],{},{"_34":45,"_46":18601,"_49":18603,"_40":18605,"_53":13531},[18602],504,[18604],519,{},"Hot Wallet: Se les denomina así porque son carteras que están permanentemente conectadas a Internet o en un dispositivo que esta permanentemente conectado, el mejor ejemplo es el móvil, pero las carteras de desktop estarían en la misma categoría, aunque una diferencia sustancial sería que las carteras de móvil no se descargan toda la cadena de Bitcoin para validar las operaciones (por razones obvias: necesitarías mucho espacio y ancho de banda para hacerlo desde un móvil), para ello se valen de los nodos completos, los cuales les proveen lo que se conoce como la verificación de pagos simplificada (SPV). Por el contrario, muchas de las carteras de desktop (aunque no todas) tienen una copia completa de la cadena y hacen uso de ella para validar las transacciones.",{"_34":35,"_36":18608,"_38":1162,"_40":18609,"_42":18610,"_55":1474,"_53":57},"yfNEY-EP",{"_107":1465},[],{"_30":18612,"_32":18624},[18613],{"_30":18614,"_32":18615},[],{"_34":35,"_36":18616,"_38":1162,"_40":18617,"_42":18618,"_55":18623,"_53":57},"IsrN4Rcz",{},[18619],{"_34":1334,"_46":18620,"_49":18621,"_40":18622,"_53":57},[218],[488],{},"Carteras de Custodia: Se les llama así porque depositas en ellos la confianza y la custodias de tus llaves. Mmmmmm recuerdas que he estado todo el rato insistiendo con el tema de que si NO tienes tus llaves no tienes tus satoshis…. pues exactamente, este tipo de carteras son las que tienen ambas cosas: claves y satoshis. No hay discusión, son las menos seguras y por mucho que te digan que es que lo hacen por tu seguridad o porque de esa manera te garantizan el 20000% de retorno sobre tu inversión (los satoshis que tengas ahí con ellos), el acceso, las claves y el dinero es de ellos. Yo no suelo usarlas ni por asomo, normalmente son carteras a las que accedes a través de un portan web, aunque hay algunos casos en los que te instalas una app, que en realidad lo que hace es conectarse a un portal web.\nLa única opción que yo les veo a este tipo de carteras (que no digo que este bien, pero entiendo la utilidad y la necesidad) es para los sitios que te permiten hacer compra y venta de bitcoin (u otros activos) en los mercados, es lo que se denominan por su termino en inglés como Crypto Currency Exchange o Trading. Al ser sitios dónde puedes comprar y vender bitcoin mediante ordenes de compra e incluso con prestamos que los propios sitios te dan, es necesario que ellos tengan una cierta garantía de que tu les pagaras, además de que te cobran comisiones por el uso de su plataforma, por ello justo es, que puedan tener tu dinero en garantía. Dicho lo anterior, yo creo que lo que siempre debes hacer, si te interesa este tipo de mercados, es tener en las plataformas de trading el dinero mínimo indispensable para operar. Se ha dado el caso de muchas plataformas que han desaparecido, que han sido hackeadas o que simplemente sus dueños se han esfumado con todo el dinero de la gente. Yo no hago trading, no me interesa por ello no lo recomiendo.",{"_34":35,"_36":18625,"_38":1162,"_40":18626,"_42":18627,"_55":1474,"_53":57},"h4BYih3J",{"_107":1465},[],{"_30":18629,"_32":18630},[],{"_34":35,"_36":18631,"_38":1162,"_40":18632,"_42":18633,"_55":1474,"_53":57},"0JUZJY55",{},[],{"_30":18635,"_32":18636},[],{"_34":35,"_36":18637,"_38":1162,"_40":18638,"_42":18639,"_55":18640,"_53":57},"2ifW27La",{},[],"Como decía antes, es muy probable que encuentres alguna otra clasificación, bajo mi punto de vista las carteras que conozco a día de hoy se podrían incluir en cualquiera de las clasificaciones anteriores.",{"_30":18642,"_32":18643},[],{"_34":35,"_36":18644,"_38":1162,"_40":18645,"_42":18646,"_55":1474,"_53":57},"D4SZIdy2",{},[],{"_30":18648,"_32":18649},[],{"_34":1359,"_36":18650,"_38":1162,"_40":18651,"_42":18652,"_55":18653,"_53":57},"Rqh2feWm",{},[],"Hora de la verdad, escoge tu cartera!!!",{"_30":18655,"_32":18656},[],{"_34":35,"_36":18657,"_38":1162,"_40":18658,"_42":18659,"_55":18665,"_53":57},"oSxMXlAj",{},[18660],{"_34":45,"_46":18661,"_49":18662,"_40":18663,"_53":18664},[1338],[5017],{},"https://bitcoin.org/es/elige-tu-monedero","Ahora, lo siguiente sería que selecciones una cartera, para ello en el sitio de bitcoin.org y su selector de carteras que te va guiando en base a algunos criterios como el del tipo, tu experiencia y demás.",{"_30":18667,"_32":18679},[18668],{"_30":18669,"_32":18670},[],{"_34":1359,"_36":18671,"_38":1162,"_40":18672,"_42":18673,"_55":18678,"_53":57},"gRw1d0Uz",{},[18674],{"_34":1334,"_46":18675,"_49":18676,"_40":18677,"_53":57},[218],[2041],{},"Consideraciones importantes a tener en cuenta para la selección de tu cartera",{"_34":1535,"_36":18680,"_38":1162,"_40":18681,"_42":18682,"_55":57,"_53":18683},"zfxUyql7",{"_107":108},[],"ipfs://bafkreibfomluo23kenmyt6nobjwvbkydmxymn4svharrxbzzkdcr6xgujm",{"_30":18685,"_32":18799},[18686,18735,18754,18773],{"_30":18687,"_32":18718},[18688,18703],{"_30":18689,"_32":18690},[],{"_34":35,"_36":18691,"_38":1162,"_40":18692,"_42":18693,"_55":18702,"_53":57},"tw4OeWVy",{},[18694,18698],{"_34":1334,"_46":18695,"_49":18696,"_40":18697,"_53":57},[218],[1749],{},{"_34":1437,"_46":18699,"_49":18700,"_40":18701,"_53":57},[218],[1749],{},"Pay to Public Key (P2PK) que fueron los que se empezaron a usar inicialmente, este escript no oculta la clave pública en los detalles de la transacción. y",{"_30":18704,"_32":18705},[],{"_34":35,"_36":18706,"_38":1162,"_40":18707,"_42":18708,"_55":18717,"_53":57},"sGuVSwBj",{},[18709,18713],{"_34":1334,"_46":18710,"_49":18711,"_40":18712,"_53":57},[218],[1765],{},{"_34":1437,"_46":18714,"_49":18715,"_40":18716,"_53":57},[218],[1765],{},"Pay to Public Key Hash (P2PKH), este último es el que se empezó a usar más ampliamente porque oculta la clave pública en forma de hash para mayor seguridad. Sin embargo ambos scripts estaban disponibles desde el inicio de Bitcoin.",{"_34":35,"_36":18719,"_38":1162,"_40":18720,"_42":18721,"_55":18734,"_53":57},"SYM4wYPw",{"_107":1465},[18722,18726,18730],{"_34":1334,"_46":18723,"_49":18724,"_40":18725,"_53":57},[218],[1763],{},{"_34":1437,"_46":18727,"_49":18728,"_40":18729,"_53":57},[218],[1763],{},{"_34":2813,"_46":18731,"_49":18732,"_40":18733,"_53":57},[489],[2001],{},"Legacy, empiezan por 1, corresponden a la versión inicial. Un par de comentarios, dentro de estas direcciones se tienen 2 tipos de scritps:",{"_30":18736,"_32":18737},[],{"_34":35,"_36":18738,"_38":1162,"_40":18739,"_42":18740,"_55":18753,"_53":57},"2yc8eDhI",{},[18741,18745,18749],{"_34":1334,"_46":18742,"_49":18743,"_40":18744,"_53":57},[218,1605],[1454,2392],{},{"_34":1437,"_46":18746,"_49":18747,"_40":18748,"_53":57},[218,1605],[1454,2392],{},{"_34":2813,"_46":18750,"_49":18751,"_40":18752,"_53":57},[2428],[2044],{},"Segwit compatible, el script que usa se le llama Pay to Script Hash (P2SH), empiezan por 3 implementan multifirma y proporcionan mayor versatilidad a la hora de realizar transacciones ya que contienen pequeños scripts computacionales, espero escribir en breve sobre ello, pero de momento quédate con esto.",{"_30":18755,"_32":18756},[],{"_34":35,"_36":18757,"_38":1162,"_40":18758,"_42":18759,"_55":18772,"_53":57},"rX5fLhw5",{},[18760,18764,18768],{"_34":1334,"_46":18761,"_49":18762,"_40":18763,"_53":57},[218,51],[1395,2002],{},{"_34":1437,"_46":18765,"_49":18766,"_40":18767,"_53":57},[218,51],[1395,2002],{},{"_34":2813,"_46":18769,"_49":18770,"_40":18771,"_53":57},[2781],[8472],{},"Segwit native, el script que usa se llama Pay To Witness Public Key Hash (P2WPKH), empiezan por bc1q, brindan mayor seguridad y ofrecen el pagar una menor comisión ya que en lugar de utilizar los parámetros de scriptSig para comprobar la validez de la transacción, incluyen una parte nueva llamada testigo con la que se realiza la validación.",{"_30":18774,"_32":18775},[],{"_34":35,"_36":18776,"_38":1162,"_40":18777,"_42":18778,"_55":18798,"_53":57},"RASW_ONz",{},[18779,18783,18787,18791],{"_34":1334,"_46":18780,"_49":18781,"_40":18782,"_53":57},[218,1712,9293],[1950,4294,2041],{},{"_34":1437,"_46":18784,"_49":18785,"_40":18786,"_53":57},[1712],[4294],{},{"_34":2813,"_46":18788,"_49":18789,"_40":18790,"_53":57},[1485],[2041],{},{"_34":45,"_46":18792,"_49":18794,"_40":18796,"_53":18797},[18793],525,[18795],548,{},"https://estudiobitcoin.com/output-descriptors/","Taproot, el script que usa se llama Pay-to-Taproot (P2TR), empiezan por bc1p. Para Taproot no es necesario representar el script bajo ningún tipo de Public Key, ya que Taproot no utiliza el hash de clave pública. Las salidas almacenan una clave pública directamente. La recomendación que dan los desarrolladores de Bitcoin es usar un descriptor que indique que la salida (la dirección a usar es de tipo Taproot, usar como descriptor tr(). Si quieres saber que son los descriptores, te invito a leer este artículo que escribí aquí en Estudio Bitcoin.",{"_34":35,"_36":18800,"_38":1162,"_40":18801,"_42":18802,"_55":18803,"_53":57},"ep5Ruo_g",{"_107":1465},[],"Existen 4 formatos de direcciones o address que el protocolo de Bitcoin maneja:",{"_30":18805,"_32":18806},[],{"_34":35,"_36":18807,"_38":1162,"_40":18808,"_42":18809,"_55":1474,"_53":57},"jRtMmZF7",{},[],{"_30":18811,"_32":18812},[],{"_34":35,"_36":18813,"_38":1162,"_40":18814,"_42":18815,"_55":18816,"_53":57},"J8g-TLuG",{},[],"En los últimos dos formatos de dirección, es dónde pondría foco, ¿porqué?, porque si bien en la mayoría de las transacciones de envío de bitcoin, el que envía es el que paga la comisión de red (el fee), cuando tu quieras gastar los satoshis que recibas de alguien más, te va a tocar pagar a ti la comisión y si tienes un formato de dirección más eficiente, tipo Segwit native pagaras menos comisión de minería, esto tiene que ver con las salidas o UTXOS, dónde a mayor tamaño de la transacción, mayor la comisión a pagar.",{"_30":18818,"_32":18819},[],{"_34":35,"_36":18820,"_38":1162,"_40":18821,"_42":18822,"_55":1474,"_53":57},"2wngLQ0d",{},[],{"_30":18824,"_32":18825},[],{"_34":35,"_36":18826,"_38":1162,"_40":18827,"_42":18828,"_55":18829,"_53":57},"bDxJTeU4",{},[],"Otra consideración importante que debes tener en mente es que cada tipo de dirección tiene compatibilidad hacía atrás. Es decir, una dirección Segwit native tiene todos los beneficios de las versiones anteriores. Sin embargo una dirección Legacy no conoce y no puede beneficiarse de ninguna de las mejoras de una Segwit, por ejemplo.",{"_30":18831,"_32":18832},[],{"_34":35,"_36":18833,"_38":1162,"_40":18834,"_42":18835,"_55":57,"_53":57},"WHrs9qZj",{},[],{"_30":18837,"_32":18901},[18838],{"_30":18839,"_32":18892},[18840,18856,18862,18874,18880],{"_30":18841,"_32":18842},[],{"_34":35,"_36":18843,"_38":1162,"_40":18844,"_42":18845,"_55":18855,"_53":57},"8IUBUh11",{},[18846,18850],{"_34":1334,"_46":18847,"_49":18848,"_40":18849,"_53":57},[1380],[1951],{},{"_34":45,"_46":18851,"_49":18852,"_40":18853,"_53":18854},[1378],[1951],{},"https://samouraiwallet.com/","Ya seas usuario experto, intermedio o novato, escojo samourai wallet, es una de las mejores carteras para móvil, segura fácil de usar y a la vez compleja si eres usuario avanzado ya que te brinda una serie de funcionalidades adicionales de seguridad y si la combinas con otros productos que ofrecen aún más. Al momento de escribir este articulo, están próximos a liberar una actualización que te permitirá realizar el mezclado de satoshis desde el móvil, a día de hoy es posible hacerlo, como decía, haciendo uso de otros productos y conectando el móvil con el software en tu ordenador. Solo esta disponible para Android.",{"_30":18857,"_32":18858},[],{"_34":35,"_36":18859,"_38":1162,"_40":18860,"_42":18861,"_55":57,"_53":57},"2GhDcvqF",{},[],{"_30":18863,"_32":18864},[],{"_34":35,"_36":18865,"_38":1162,"_40":18866,"_42":18867,"_55":18873,"_53":57},"dz362WyZ",{},[18868],{"_34":45,"_46":18869,"_49":18870,"_40":18871,"_53":18872},[2340],[6940],{},"https://fullynoded.app","Para IOS (Apple), creo que la mejor opción (siempre bajo mi punto de vista) es Fullynoded, una cartera relativamente nueva pero ya reconocida por la comunidad, para mi gusto también una excelente cartera, se puede conectar a tu nodo y a la red de Lightning Network, con seguridad, tiene control de UTXO (Coin Control), etiquetar tus transacciones y otras cosillas más que la hacen bastante fiable.",{"_30":18875,"_32":18876},[],{"_34":35,"_36":18877,"_38":1162,"_40":18878,"_42":18879,"_55":57,"_53":57},"qKLT1pC9",{},[],{"_30":18881,"_32":18882},[],{"_34":35,"_36":18883,"_38":1162,"_40":18884,"_42":18885,"_55":18891,"_53":57},"DD8HaT_A",{},[18886],{"_34":45,"_46":18887,"_49":18888,"_40":18889,"_53":18890},[2001],[2024],{},"https://electrum.org/","Una cartera más sería Electrum Wallet, menos vistosa pero muy buena, con posibilidad de interactuar con tu nodo, lo cual le da un doble de seguridad, pero es para usuarios de medio nivel hacía arriba.",{"_34":1359,"_36":18893,"_38":1162,"_40":18894,"_42":18895,"_55":18900,"_53":57},"NinGG4vl",{"_107":1465},[18896],{"_34":1334,"_46":18897,"_49":18898,"_40":18899,"_53":57},[218],[1641],{},"Para móvil",{"_34":35,"_36":18902,"_38":1162,"_40":18903,"_42":18904,"_55":18905,"_53":57},"xekoaOp2",{"_107":108},[],"Cuando empece me hubiera gustado mucho que alguien me hubiera dado su opinión, por eso yo te voy a recomendar que investigues sobre estas en particular (pero recuerda que siempre es tú responsabilidad decidir, no dejes que nadie te diga lo que tienes que hacer):",{"_30":18907,"_32":18969},[18908],{"_30":18909,"_32":18960},[18910,18929,18935,18947,18953],{"_30":18911,"_32":18912},[],{"_34":35,"_36":18913,"_38":1162,"_40":18914,"_42":18915,"_55":18928,"_53":57},"dnmKlAw3",{},[18916,18921],{"_34":45,"_46":18917,"_49":18918,"_40":18919,"_53":18920},[1948],[4439],{},"https://sparrowwallet.com/",{"_34":45,"_46":18922,"_49":18924,"_40":18926,"_53":18927},[18923],511,[18925],520,{},"https://sparrowwallet.com/docs/spending-privately.html#fake-two-person-coinjoin","A día y sin dudarlo por un solo momento, te recomiendo Sparrow Wallet, una cartera que es como la navaja Suiza de las wallets, es una verdadera maravilla, orientada a la seguridad y privacidad, sin estar peleada con la sencillez de su interfase, y la potencia de sus funcionalidades. Puedes realizar desde una transacción normal y corriente, dejándote guiar por la propia cartera, hasta realizar un Mix de Bitcoin (Coin Join) o realizar transacciones más elaboradas como podría ser una transacción colaborativa Stonewall o una transacción seleccionando el UTXO (moneda) que quieras utilizar. No vas a encontrar nada mejor para Bitcoin, te lo puedo asegurar.",{"_30":18930,"_32":18931},[],{"_34":35,"_36":18932,"_38":1162,"_40":18933,"_42":18934,"_55":57,"_53":57},"eXJL8h-9",{},[],{"_30":18936,"_32":18937},[],{"_34":35,"_36":18938,"_38":1162,"_40":18939,"_42":18940,"_55":18946,"_53":57},"ZTRzfeyn",{},[18941],{"_34":45,"_46":18942,"_49":18943,"_40":18944,"_53":18945},[1951],[1338],{},"https://bitcoincore.org/","Para un usuario novel o medio recomendaría la cartera que viene con Bitcoin Core, es la más completa de todas (siempre desde mi punto de vista), ademas de que para usarla deberás tener un nodo (yo lejos de verlo como desventaja, lo veo como la mayor ventaja que pueda tenerse), tiene todas las funcionalidades propias del protocolo de Bitcoin, lo que se pueda hacer con cualquier otra cartera, esta cartera lo hará (hablando de funcionalidad al uso del protocolo). El único pero que le podría poner es que no tiene manejo de semillas, por lo cual es respaldo es a través de un archivo .dat y no puedes restaurarla en otras wallets, es importante lo tengas en consideración.",{"_30":18948,"_32":18949},[],{"_34":35,"_36":18950,"_38":1162,"_40":18951,"_42":18952,"_55":57,"_53":57},"SEhZmvw-",{},[],{"_30":18954,"_32":18955},[],{"_34":35,"_36":18956,"_38":1162,"_40":18957,"_42":18958,"_55":18959,"_53":57},"qbzYaSkj",{},[],"Otra opción, al igual que en móvil es Electrum, una cartera sin grandes pretensiones en el diseño pero potente en funcionalidad, me atrevería a decir que es de las mejores, super potente y con magnificas prestaciones, ahora empieza tambien a tener soporte para LN, además de que como comentamos en móvil, también puede conectar con tu nodo.",{"_34":1359,"_36":18961,"_38":1162,"_40":18962,"_42":18963,"_55":18968,"_53":57},"2YgQuUJ_",{"_107":1465},[18964],{"_34":1334,"_46":18965,"_49":18966,"_40":18967,"_53":57},[218],[1641],{},"En desktop",{"_34":35,"_36":18970,"_38":1162,"_40":18971,"_42":18972,"_55":57,"_53":57},"mPfa4lja",{"_107":108},[],{"_30":18974,"_32":18975},[],{"_34":35,"_36":18976,"_38":1162,"_40":18977,"_42":18978,"_55":57,"_53":57},"ZeTgyOyz",{},[],{"_30":18980,"_32":18981},[],{"_34":35,"_36":18982,"_38":1162,"_40":18983,"_42":18984,"_55":18990,"_53":57},"gyHzjbyY",{},[18985],{"_34":1334,"_46":18986,"_49":18987,"_40":18989,"_53":57},[218],[18988],531,{},"Una cosa interesante que deberías ver que te ofrezca una cartera es que te permita elegir la comisión que quieres pagar por las transacciones a realizar, no es lo mismo realizar una transacción que quieres que le llegue a alguien en cuestión de minutos, que si te da igual que tarde, en el primer caso deberás pagar una comisión mayor para que tu transacción sea tomada por los mineros en un menor tiempo y en el segundo caso, puedes pagar una comisión menor ya que no te importa esperar más tiempo a que la transacción se procese.",{"_30":18992,"_32":18993},[],{"_34":35,"_36":18994,"_38":1162,"_40":18995,"_42":18996,"_55":57,"_53":57},"GZmv51VI",{},[],{"_30":18998,"_32":18999},[],{"_34":1535,"_36":19000,"_38":1162,"_40":19001,"_42":19002,"_55":57,"_53":19003},"sad9KDiO",{"_107":108},[],"ipfs://bafkreicm3ypgbj5gj6wlpam6ef6egdcilxvhp5fbrd2czyhj2n4seiumu4",{"_30":19005,"_32":19006},[],{"_34":1359,"_36":19007,"_38":1162,"_40":19008,"_42":19009,"_55":19010,"_53":57},"ySomV3nX",{},[],"Vale, todo bien pero y ¿cómo funciona una cartera?",{"_30":19012,"_32":19019},[19013],{"_30":19014,"_32":19015},[],{"_34":35,"_36":19016,"_38":1162,"_40":19017,"_42":19018,"_55":1474,"_53":57},"c6hxxCXN",{},[],{"_34":35,"_36":19020,"_38":1162,"_40":19021,"_42":19022,"_55":19027,"_53":57},"25XS_iqk",{"_107":108},[19023],{"_34":1334,"_46":19024,"_49":19025,"_40":19026,"_53":57},[8372],[15810],{},"¿Recuerdas que hemos comentado que Bitcoin es un protocolo y tiene reglas de consenso?, pues todas las carteras de bitcoin, deben cumplir con el protocolo y las reglas para poder registrar transacciones dentro de la red, esto que parece tan trivial, es una de las claves de la seguridad de la red, si una cartera intenta introducir una transacción “falsa”, los nodos la validaran y rechazaran.",{"_30":19029,"_32":19060},[19030],{"_30":19031,"_32":19056},[19032],{"_30":19033,"_32":19051},[19034,19045],{"_30":19035,"_32":19036},[],{"_34":35,"_36":19037,"_38":1162,"_40":19038,"_42":19039,"_55":19044,"_53":57},"LYFFInEp",{},[19040],{"_34":1334,"_46":19041,"_49":19042,"_40":19043,"_53":57},[218],[18290],{},"Muy importante, cuando generes la cartera y el software te provea las semillas (pueden ser 12, 15, 18, 21 o 24, dependiendo de la cartera y la implementación que esa cartera tenga) debes guardar esas semillas como si te fuera la vida en ello. Antes cuando he hablado de que debes guardar muy bien tus claves privadas, me refería a estas semillas, que son las que te permiten acceder a las claves privadas de una manera más sencilla para el ser humano, ya que las claves privadas suelen ser combinaciones de números y letras muy largas y complejas de copiar, ya no te digo de memorizar, por ello es super importante que las tengas a buen resguardo.",{"_30":19046,"_32":19047},[],{"_34":35,"_36":19048,"_38":1162,"_40":19049,"_42":19050,"_55":57,"_53":57},"U3WxH06j",{},[],{"_34":35,"_36":19052,"_38":1162,"_40":19053,"_42":19054,"_55":19055,"_53":57},"QfRkLI6N",{"_107":5922},[],"Cuando decimos que se deriva una dirección, es por que una función criptográfica es usada para derivar esa dirección, esto es muy técnico, pero quería mencionarlo porque brinda la posibilidad de generar una variedad muy amplia de direcciones y además, lo más importante, es casi imposible que una dirección se repita.",{"_34":35,"_36":19057,"_38":1162,"_40":19058,"_42":19059,"_55":1474,"_53":57},"tyDT_t4F",{"_107":108},[],{"_34":35,"_36":19061,"_38":1162,"_40":19062,"_42":19063,"_55":19084,"_53":57},"sB08FpL_",{"_107":108},[19064,19068,19073,19079],{"_34":1437,"_46":19065,"_49":19066,"_40":19067,"_53":57},[5209],[2042],{},{"_34":45,"_46":19069,"_49":19070,"_40":19071,"_53":19072},[5209],[2042],{},"https://estudiobitcoin.com/cartera-hd-y-derivation-path-que-son/",{"_34":1334,"_46":19074,"_49":19076,"_40":19078,"_53":57},[19075],482,[19077],487,{},{"_34":45,"_46":19080,"_49":19081,"_40":19082,"_53":19083},[19075],[19077],{},"https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Elliptic_Curve_Digital_Signature_Algorithm","Siguiendo y sin entrar en detalles técnicos, te diría que la mayoría de las carteras modernas, usan un proceso llamado hierarchical deterministic, el cual proporciona la posibilidad que dada una semilla, se genere una cartera con claves privadas derivadas, las llaves privadas derivan a su vez llaves públicas y las llaves públicas derivan direcciones para la recepción de satoshis (todo ello es parte del protocolo de Bitcoin, para realizarlo entre otras cosas se usa el algoritmo ECDSA).",{"_30":19086,"_32":19087},[],{"_34":35,"_36":19088,"_38":1162,"_40":19089,"_42":19090,"_55":19099,"_53":57},"5K4zl66R",{},[19091,19095],{"_34":1334,"_46":19092,"_49":19093,"_40":19094,"_53":57},[218],[11176],{},{"_34":2813,"_46":19096,"_49":19097,"_40":19098,"_53":57},[218],[12917],{},"Escríbelas en un papel y guárdalo muy bien, copialas en un dispositivo al que nadie tenga acceso y guárdalo muy bien o usa un software especializado en almacenaje seguro, y no digo que uno u otro, puedes usar todas estas opciones.\n Otra cosa muy importante, es que el proceso no es reversible, es decir no es posible dada una dirección, llegar a las claves privadas, lo cual blinda de seguridad a tu cartera.",{"_30":19101,"_32":19102},[],{"_34":35,"_36":19103,"_38":1162,"_40":19104,"_42":19105,"_55":57,"_53":57},"6VBtcd50",{},[],{"_30":19107,"_32":19108},[],{"_34":1535,"_36":19109,"_38":1162,"_40":19110,"_42":19111,"_55":57,"_53":19112},"fkAY-Mfh",{"_107":108},[],"ipfs://bafybeicaapgnv6ivedjutuyd65gw6jhho7jy3b4uasx6xsajzqpgthdcve",{"_30":19114,"_32":19115},[],{"_34":35,"_36":19116,"_38":1162,"_40":19117,"_42":19118,"_55":19119,"_53":57},"nJ5HhmUN",{},[],"Siguiendo con la explicación sobre ¿cómo funcionan las carteras?, estamos en el punto dónde ya generaste tu cartera, ya respaldaste muy bien tus semillas; entonces esa cartera tendrá 2 tipos de llaves, la llave pública y la llave privada, ambas relacionadas a través de un algoritmo matemático seguro, todo esto lo hace el software de la cartera por lo que no tienes que preocuparte.",{"_30":19121,"_32":19122},[],{"_34":35,"_36":19123,"_38":1162,"_40":19124,"_42":19125,"_55":1474,"_53":57},"zl0LlNTB",{},[],{"_30":19127,"_32":19156},[19128,19135,19142,19149],{"_30":19129,"_32":19130},[],{"_34":35,"_36":19131,"_38":1162,"_40":19132,"_42":19133,"_55":19134,"_53":57},"XcuWa5Ya",{},[],"Una o varias entradas (inputs, indican los datos de la trx)",{"_30":19136,"_32":19137},[],{"_34":35,"_36":19138,"_38":1162,"_40":19139,"_42":19140,"_55":19141,"_53":57},"zhX9fQWl",{},[],"Una cantidad (la cantidad de satoshis enviados)",{"_30":19143,"_32":19144},[],{"_34":35,"_36":19145,"_38":1162,"_40":19146,"_42":19147,"_55":19148,"_53":57},"kHAVOG_z",{},[],"Una o varias salidas (outputs, indica la dirección a la que se entregan los satoshis junto a la dirección de cambio)",{"_30":19150,"_32":19151},[],{"_34":35,"_36":19152,"_38":1162,"_40":19153,"_42":19154,"_55":19155,"_53":57},"urBW2HKt",{},[],"El TxID (es el identificador de la trx, es único, se forma con toda la información de la trx y permite acceder a la información a través de la cadena de bloques, además de que brinda toda la información a los nodos validadores y mineros para verificar la trx)",{"_34":35,"_36":19157,"_38":1162,"_40":19158,"_42":19159,"_55":19160,"_53":57},"Alt6jThH",{"_107":1465},[],"Con la clave pública una cartera puede derivar un sin fin de direcciones, es decir la dirección que podrás usar para recibir satoshis. Así cuando alguien envía satoshis a una dirección, a grandes rasgos lo que sucede es que se genera una transacción (trx) desde una cartera, esa transacción contendrá (a muy grandes rasgos):",{"_30":19162,"_32":19163},[],{"_34":35,"_36":19164,"_38":1162,"_40":19165,"_42":19166,"_55":1474,"_53":57},"JwrvTyJx",{},[],{"_30":19168,"_32":19183},[19169,19176],{"_30":19170,"_32":19171},[],{"_34":35,"_36":19172,"_38":1162,"_40":19173,"_42":19174,"_55":19175,"_53":57},"Uk9vP93G",{},[],"Un monto de satoshis (son como centavos digitales)",{"_30":19177,"_32":19178},[],{"_34":35,"_36":19179,"_38":1162,"_40":19180,"_42":19181,"_55":19182,"_53":57},"IigAVKVa",{},[],"Un script de bloqueo, el cual define las condiciones que se tienen que cumplir para que la moneda pueda ser gastada.",{"_34":35,"_36":19184,"_38":1162,"_40":19185,"_42":19186,"_55":19191,"_53":57},"_kZBgGdP",{"_107":1465},[19187],{"_34":45,"_46":19188,"_49":19189,"_40":19190,"_53":7174},[488],[1439],{},"Es en las salidas o UTXO’s (Unspent Transaction Outputs) donde se tiene el «dinero» para poder gastar. Estas salidas son reconocidas por todos los participantes en la red. La salida contiene dos partes:",{"_30":19193,"_32":19194},[],{"_34":35,"_36":19195,"_38":1162,"_40":19196,"_42":19197,"_55":1474,"_53":57},"bGqtqtw1",{},[],{"_30":19199,"_32":19200},[],{"_34":35,"_36":19201,"_38":1162,"_40":19202,"_42":19203,"_55":19204,"_53":57},"ftCKHPn6",{},[],"Las entradas de transacciones son a su vez monedas de una transacción anterior. Para poder hacer uso de las monedas, el protocolo establece mecanismos que permiten validar que esas salidas o UXTO’s son tuyos y que puedes gastarlos o en el caso contrario, que son de quién te los envía y puedes recibirlos.",{"_30":19206,"_32":19207},[],{"_34":35,"_36":19208,"_38":1162,"_40":19209,"_42":19210,"_55":1474,"_53":57},"epzdHAyF",{},[],{"_30":19212,"_32":19213},[],{"_34":35,"_36":19214,"_38":1162,"_40":19215,"_42":19216,"_55":19221,"_53":57},"N1vxHfOA",{},[19217],{"_34":45,"_46":19218,"_49":19219,"_40":19220,"_53":14989},[2654],[1951],{},"Como todas las transacciones son registradas en la cadena de bloques, se tiene registro de todos los UTXO’s y su último estado, por lo que en realidad lo que existe son registros de transacciones y una cartera, para poder mostrar el saldo que tienes lo que hace es buscar todos los UTXO’s que «pertenecen» a la clave privada de la cartera, suma los totales y te muestra el saldo total y en el proceso inverso, hará lo mismo, sumará todos los UTXO’s que controla la clave privada, verifica que la suma es suficiente para cubrir el gasto y de ser así creará la transacción de gasto. ",{"_30":19223,"_32":19224},[],{"_34":35,"_36":19225,"_38":1162,"_40":19226,"_42":19227,"_55":19228,"_53":57},"K-zJMmqy",{},[],"Es decir, por si no he sido claro, las carteras no tienen un concepto de balance o saldo. El protocolo de Bitcoin solo tiene noción de UTXOs, los cuales contienen, un valor particular y el script que identifica quién puede gastarlos. Por lo que para definir el saldo de una wallet, se tiene que calcular la suma de los valores de todos las monedas que pertenecen a la wallet usando la clave correspondiente a esa wallet.",{"_30":19230,"_32":19231},[],{"_34":35,"_36":19232,"_38":1162,"_40":19233,"_42":19234,"_55":1474,"_53":57},"h1FOVoCV",{},[],{"_30":19236,"_32":19237},[],{"_34":35,"_36":19238,"_38":1162,"_40":19239,"_42":19240,"_55":19241,"_53":57},"t0c2lebb",{},[],"La wallet tampoco rastrea los saldos de sus direcciones, sino que considera el conjunto de monedas que puede gastar, es decir las que tiene en toda la billetera y realiza un seguimiento de su valor total.",{"_30":19243,"_32":19244},[],{"_34":35,"_36":19245,"_38":1162,"_40":19246,"_42":19247,"_55":19254,"_53":57},"q8sHRg8z",{},[19248],{"_34":1334,"_46":19249,"_49":19251,"_40":19253,"_53":57},[19250],650,[19252],688,{},"\nUn último consejo en cuanto la privacidad se refiere, usa una dirección diferente cada vez que vayas a recibir bitcoin, ello evita el el seguimiento por dirección, recordemos que bitcoin es anónimo en cuanto a quién pertenecen las direcciones, pero publico en cuanto a la información de las mismas, por lo que si reciclas direcciones es más fácil para alguien que por ejemplo ya te haya realizado un envió algunas vez, estar monitoreando tu dirección para saber cuantos ingresos más tienes. No se trata de que estés haciendo nada malo, se trata de que nadie que tú no quieras, sepa que haces, son conceptos diferentes la privacidad y el secretismo, tu dirección no es secreta, es privada!",{"_30":19256,"_32":19257},[],{"_34":35,"_36":19258,"_38":1162,"_40":19259,"_42":19260,"_55":1474,"_53":57},"ybgMBxRo",{},[],{"_30":19262,"_32":19263},[],{"_34":35,"_36":19264,"_38":1162,"_40":19265,"_42":19266,"_55":19267,"_53":57},"65PcDRTw",{},[],"Bueno, de manera genérica así funciona una cartera de bitcoin, hay más conceptos e información inmersos en el funcionamiento de una cartera, además de que el tema es un poco complicado, por lo que espero no haberte liado, sin embargo si estas interesado en algunos temas más en particular o hay partes que no han sido claras o quieres profundizar, te invito a que lo comente y poco a poco entre todos iremos enriqueciendo la información.",{"_30":19269,"_32":19270},[],{"_34":35,"_36":19271,"_38":1162,"_40":19272,"_42":19273,"_55":1474,"_53":57},"N8M0MzIo",{},[],{"_30":19275,"_32":19276},[],{"_34":35,"_36":19277,"_38":1162,"_40":19278,"_42":19279,"_55":19280,"_53":57},"SVYTtJYW",{},[],"Te agradezco que te hayas tomado la molestia de leerme.",{"_30":19282,"_32":19294},[19283],{"_30":19284,"_32":19285},[],{"_34":35,"_36":19286,"_38":1162,"_40":19287,"_42":19288,"_55":19293,"_53":57},"kLyP8_To",{},[19289],{"_34":1437,"_46":19290,"_49":19291,"_40":19292,"_53":57},[218],[1381],{}," ★★★★★",{"_34":35,"_36":19295,"_38":1162,"_40":19296,"_42":19297,"_55":57,"_53":57},"VRV2Gmfa",{"_107":108},[],{"_30":19299,"_32":19300},[],{"_34":4232,"_36":19301,"_38":1162,"_40":19302,"_42":19303,"_55":57,"_53":4239},"huML8DTN",{"_107":108,"_120":4235,"_4236":4237},[],{"_30":19305,"_32":19306},[],{"_34":35,"_36":19307,"_38":1162,"_40":19308,"_42":19309,"_55":17410,"_53":57},"WykTRm8l",{},[19310],{"_34":45,"_46":19311,"_49":19312,"_40":19313,"_53":17409},[1353],[2999],{},[82],"/blog/carteras",{"_120":1178,"_122":1179,"_124":1179,"_131":132},{},{"_139":1162,"_143":1176},{"_36":1159,"_151":82,"_83":19320,"_110":1162,"_153":-5,"_154":-5,"_155":-5,"_156":-5,"_150":6},[288,1161],1779649838813,[230,1159,1162,6],"[\"ENTITY\",\"hm://z6MknQkJAHE8T2Au5FLRZS2Pm3yME2dmJPcbTjwXXFUGq7BY/blog/carteras\",\"bafy2bzacea5dhecimkvlr277omrnjga6iu7ll2yra2hqt3xcoexgend7v3s5m\",true]",{"_165":19325,"_228":19429,"_231":19430},{"_167":19326,"_212":213,"_214":19428,"_216":-5,"_217":218,"_219":218,"_220":218,"_221":-5,"_222":-5,"_223":23,"_224":225,"_226":227},{"_34":25,"_25":19327,"_36":19426},{"_27":19328,"_110":1211,"_111":82,"_112":19421,"_83":19422,"_114":1218,"_116":1218,"_118":19423,"_137":19424,"_139":1211,"_141":19425,"_145":146},[19329,19335,19342,19348,19355,19362,19370,19377,19384,19390,19401,19407],{"_30":19330,"_32":19331},[],{"_34":1359,"_36":19332,"_38":1211,"_40":19333,"_42":19334,"_55":1227,"_53":57},"BUqvBEV1",{},[],{"_30":19336,"_32":19337},[],{"_34":35,"_36":19338,"_38":1211,"_40":19339,"_42":19340,"_55":19341,"_53":57},"tMEn_rme",{},[],"Lejos de lo que puedas creer o te hayan dicho, Bitcoin es una tecnología en plena evolución.",{"_30":19343,"_32":19344},[],{"_34":35,"_36":19345,"_38":1211,"_40":19346,"_42":19347,"_55":1474,"_53":57},"shZ_3Uyj",{},[],{"_30":19349,"_32":19350},[],{"_34":35,"_36":19351,"_38":1211,"_40":19352,"_42":19353,"_55":19354,"_53":57},"cWKDilEj",{},[],"A pesar de lo joven que es, 10 años apenas, esta en pleno crecimiento y evolución.",{"_30":19356,"_32":19357},[],{"_34":35,"_36":19358,"_38":1211,"_40":19359,"_42":19360,"_55":19361,"_53":57},"2dhI9zXn",{},[],"No obstante, hay mucho más detrás de lo que hoy conocemos, la historia previa a Bitcoin es la base de su presente y parte de su futuro",{"_30":19363,"_32":19364},[],{"_34":1535,"_36":19365,"_38":1211,"_40":19366,"_42":19368,"_55":57,"_53":19369},"L7YzkyJd",{"_107":108,"_1538":19367},863.2411067193675,[],"ipfs://bafkreiayauzgd2culppow2uryw4o6clwuu3pdkzszi6gfupb7sitmmz7fy",{"_30":19371,"_32":19372},[],{"_34":35,"_36":19373,"_38":1211,"_40":19374,"_42":19375,"_55":19376,"_53":57},"Z2-ZgnCw",{},[],"Internet, es una tecnología relativamente nueva y esta en constante mejora, pues igual, Bitcoin es un protocolo en evolución, robusto y seguro, pero en evolución.",{"_30":19378,"_32":19379},[],{"_34":35,"_36":19380,"_38":1211,"_40":19381,"_42":19382,"_55":19383,"_53":57},"w3bRaEHJ",{},[],"Pronto incluiré información a cerca de las capas que componen el desarrollo de Bitcoin, como esta evolucionando y mucha información más al respecto.",{"_30":19385,"_32":19386},[],{"_34":35,"_36":19387,"_38":1211,"_40":19388,"_42":19389,"_55":57,"_53":57},"abWaYeG2",{},[],{"_30":19391,"_32":19392},[],{"_34":35,"_36":19393,"_38":1211,"_40":19394,"_42":19395,"_55":19400,"_53":57},"GS-ZDJ14",{},[19396],{"_34":1437,"_46":19397,"_49":19398,"_40":19399,"_53":57},[218],[2781],{}," ★★★★★",{"_30":19402,"_32":19403},[],{"_34":4232,"_36":19404,"_38":1211,"_40":19405,"_42":19406,"_55":57,"_53":4239},"a9u7osPa",{"_107":108,"_120":4235,"_4236":4237},[],{"_30":19408,"_32":19409},[],{"_34":35,"_36":19410,"_38":1211,"_40":19411,"_42":19412,"_55":17410,"_53":57},"dDCRQp7u",{},[19413,19417],{"_34":1334,"_46":19414,"_49":19415,"_40":19416,"_53":57},[218],[1765],{},{"_34":45,"_46":19418,"_49":19419,"_40":19420,"_53":17409},[1353],[2999],{},[82],"/blog/evolucion-de-bitcoin",{"_120":1227,"_122":1228,"_124":1228,"_131":132},{},{"_139":1211,"_143":1225},{"_36":1208,"_151":82,"_83":19427,"_110":1211,"_153":-5,"_154":-5,"_155":-5,"_156":-5,"_150":6},[288,1210],1779649838705,[230,1208,1211,6],"[\"ENTITY\",\"hm://z6MknQkJAHE8T2Au5FLRZS2Pm3yME2dmJPcbTjwXXFUGq7BY/blog/evolucion-de-bitcoin\",\"bafy2bzaceahvyucavbzybsvss55lpxtfdx664smjwx6m4ouu3mkfwpajhos2s\",true]",{"_165":19432,"_228":20121,"_231":20122},{"_167":19433,"_212":213,"_214":20120,"_216":-5,"_217":218,"_219":218,"_220":218,"_221":-5,"_222":-5,"_223":23,"_224":225,"_226":227},{"_34":25,"_25":19434,"_36":20118},{"_27":19435,"_110":1185,"_111":82,"_112":20112,"_83":20113,"_114":1194,"_116":20114,"_118":20115,"_137":20116,"_139":1195,"_141":20117,"_145":146},[19436,19442,19449,19455,19462,19469,19475,19486,19493,19499,19506,19513,19519,19526,19533,19540,19547,19553,19564,19570,19581,19587,19611,19617,19624,19630,19637,19700,19706,19723,19729,19736,19888,19894,19901,19954,19960,19967,19973,19980,20021,20027,20034,20040,20053,20059,20066,20072,20079],{"_30":19437,"_32":19438},[],{"_34":1359,"_36":19439,"_38":1195,"_40":19440,"_42":19441,"_55":1204,"_53":57},"UvFcjf_9",{},[],{"_30":19443,"_32":19444},[],{"_34":35,"_36":19445,"_38":1195,"_40":19446,"_42":19447,"_55":19448,"_53":57},"70KgxIQ7",{},[],"Bitcoin, como indica Satoshi Nakamoto en el whitepaper, es un protocolo o sistema persona a persona que establece un sistema de pago a través de su token, denominado bitcoin.",{"_30":19450,"_32":19451},[],{"_34":35,"_36":19452,"_38":1195,"_40":19453,"_42":19454,"_55":57,"_53":57},"Di-2RVpx",{},[],{"_30":19456,"_32":19457},[],{"_34":35,"_36":19458,"_38":1195,"_40":19459,"_42":19460,"_55":19461,"_53":57},"BbSoKbuU",{},[],"Uno de los muchos objetivos que plantea resolver Bitcoin (con mayúscula refiriéndome al sistema en su conjunto, no al token) es la intermediación. ",{"_30":19463,"_32":19464},[],{"_34":35,"_36":19465,"_38":1195,"_40":19466,"_42":19467,"_55":19468,"_53":57},"FgFEAF92",{},[],"Por ello Satoshi establece en el whitepaper que el sistema de pago debería realizarse de persona a persona y que la confianza debe resolverse a través de pruebas criptográficas que garanticen esos pagos, esto lo hace con la finalidad de evitar que la confianza caiga en manos de un tercero, haciendo que sea en el sistema y en los intervinientes de una transacción en quienes recaiga esa confianza.",{"_30":19470,"_32":19471},[],{"_34":35,"_36":19472,"_38":1195,"_40":19473,"_42":19474,"_55":1474,"_53":57},"dU9yTpys",{},[],{"_30":19476,"_32":19477},[],{"_34":35,"_36":19478,"_38":1195,"_40":19479,"_42":19480,"_55":19485,"_53":57},"PNmpKGHr",{},[19481],{"_34":1334,"_46":19482,"_49":19483,"_40":19484,"_53":57},[3504],[7794],{},"Para realizar los pagos se utiliza bitcoin (con minúsculas, haciendo referencia al token) y uno de los principales méritos que se consiguen con este token es evitar el doble gasto.",{"_30":19487,"_32":19488},[],{"_34":35,"_36":19489,"_38":1195,"_40":19490,"_42":19491,"_55":19492,"_53":57},"8UAkZUZw",{},[],"Esto que parece tan sencillo de decir, es una de las razones por las que las instituciones financieras han invertido millones de dólares en sistemas informáticos que controlen y eviten el que haya un doble gasto.",{"_30":19494,"_32":19495},[],{"_34":35,"_36":19496,"_38":1195,"_40":19497,"_42":19498,"_55":1474,"_53":57},"-kYCkic5",{},[],{"_30":19500,"_32":19501},[],{"_34":35,"_36":19502,"_38":1195,"_40":19503,"_42":19504,"_55":19505,"_53":57},"vs92tXvw",{},[],"El problema del doble gasto es inherente al dinero electrónico o digital, ya que si no se lleva un registro instantáneo, se corre el riesgo de que pueda gastarse más de una vez o pueda duplicarse (falsificarse).",{"_30":19507,"_32":19508},[],{"_34":35,"_36":19509,"_38":1195,"_40":19510,"_42":19511,"_55":19512,"_53":57},"LkUhG7jd",{},[]," Y como decía, esto que parece tan trivial, conlleva por detrás un sin fin de conceptos. Bitcoin te «obliga» a estudiar temas tan básicos como el de la inflación, la devaluación, el valor y otros más.",{"_30":19514,"_32":19515},[],{"_34":35,"_36":19516,"_38":1195,"_40":19517,"_42":19518,"_55":1474,"_53":57},"fCcKcVkz",{},[],{"_30":19520,"_32":19521},[],{"_34":35,"_36":19522,"_38":1195,"_40":19523,"_42":19524,"_55":19525,"_53":57},"_3ZgvWrR",{},[],"A este proceso de ir encadenando la necesidad de profundizar en los diferentes conceptos que subyacen en Bitcoin, es lo que se le suele llamar el mundo Bitcoin como meterse en el Rabbit Hole o caer por la madriguera, lo llaman así en alusión a la metáfora de Alicia, entrando en la madriguera del conejo, en el famoso libro de Alicia en el País de las Maravillas, (ya habláremos de esto en otra ocasión).",{"_30":19527,"_32":19528},[],{"_34":35,"_36":19529,"_38":1195,"_40":19530,"_42":19531,"_55":19532,"_53":57},"fWebe1it",{},[]," (Si hay conceptos que no entiendes porque te parecen muy técnicos o no te suenan, simplemente léelos pero no trates de entenderlos, sigue adelante que la idea es que puedas entender sin hacer uso de ellos y si no es así, por favor déjame tus comentarios, la idea es que esto se pueda entender sin necesidad de ello.)",{"_30":19534,"_32":19535},[],{"_34":35,"_36":19536,"_38":1195,"_40":19537,"_42":19538,"_55":19539,"_53":57},"l_4aroqW",{},[],"Volviendo al tema del doble gasto, Bitcoin lo resuelve haciendo uso de un libro contable digital de manera compartida por mucha gente (Shared Ledger).",{"_30":19541,"_32":19542},[],{"_34":35,"_36":19543,"_38":1195,"_40":19544,"_42":19545,"_55":19546,"_53":57},"CLKGUGga",{},[],"Es decir, imagina que tienes una serie de participantes conectados en una red (nodos); que cada participante tiene la posibilidad de registrar en un libro contable cada operación que sucede en la red y que cada participante de la red tiene la posibilidad de confirmar que las operaciones que se han registrado son verdaderas.",{"_30":19548,"_32":19549},[],{"_34":35,"_36":19550,"_38":1195,"_40":19551,"_42":19552,"_55":1474,"_53":57},"u9i4SOZ4",{},[],{"_30":19554,"_32":19555},[],{"_34":35,"_36":19556,"_38":1195,"_40":19557,"_42":19558,"_55":19563,"_53":57},"D2sCtTjF",{},[19559],{"_34":45,"_46":19560,"_49":19561,"_40":19562,"_53":9328},[5017],[2556],{},"Esa validación se realiza a través de un protocolo previamente establecido y con el que toda la red esta de acuerdo (Proof of Work).",{"_30":19565,"_32":19566},[],{"_34":35,"_36":19567,"_38":1195,"_40":19568,"_42":19569,"_55":1474,"_53":57},"sWU4MzUU",{},[],{"_30":19571,"_32":19572},[],{"_34":1359,"_36":19573,"_38":1195,"_40":19574,"_42":19575,"_55":19580,"_53":57},"An2GBCNV",{},[19576],{"_34":1334,"_46":19577,"_49":19578,"_40":19579,"_53":57},[218,1366],[1395,2985],{},"Proof of Work o Prueba de Trabajo",{"_30":19582,"_32":19583},[],{"_34":35,"_36":19584,"_38":1195,"_40":19585,"_42":19586,"_55":57,"_53":57},"jDg01Twx",{},[],{"_30":19588,"_32":19589},[],{"_34":35,"_36":19590,"_38":1195,"_40":19591,"_42":19592,"_55":19610,"_53":57},"G7zJXTzJ",{},[19593,19599,19606],{"_34":1334,"_46":19594,"_49":19596,"_40":19598,"_53":57},[3504,7186,19595],875,[2161,6473,19597],882,{},{"_34":45,"_46":19600,"_49":19602,"_40":19604,"_53":19605},[19601],509,[19603],517,{},"https://twitter.com/decentralized_b/status/1222615409259696128",{"_34":45,"_46":19607,"_49":19608,"_40":19609,"_53":13332},[19595],[19597],{},"Se basa en trabajo computacional. Este proceso lo realizan participantes conocidos como mineros, todos los participantes de la red verifican y tienen una «copia» de la cadena de bloques o Blockchain, pero solo los nodos mineros realizan el proceso de validar y añadir registros a la cadena (con el permiso del resto de la red). Dado que el proceso de prueba computacional tiene un costo, es necesario dar un incentivo a los mineros participantes para que lleven a cabo ese trabajo, esa recompensa se denomina Coinbase y empezó con 50 bitcoins por cada bloque que un minero resolvía, a día de hoy esta recompensa esta en 6,25 bitcoins por bloque, pero irá disminuyendo debido a una regla del protocolo que reduce la recompensa a la mitad cada 210,000 bloques, es aproximadamente cada 4 años (aunque en realidad se mide en el número de bloques). A esta regla se le conoce como halving.",{"_30":19612,"_32":19613},[],{"_34":35,"_36":19614,"_38":1195,"_40":19615,"_42":19616,"_55":1474,"_53":57},"m_Xb_I24",{},[],{"_30":19618,"_32":19619},[],{"_34":1359,"_36":19620,"_38":1195,"_40":19621,"_42":19622,"_55":19623,"_53":57},"lPmpQz2T",{},[],"Características de Bitcoin",{"_30":19625,"_32":19626},[],{"_34":35,"_36":19627,"_38":1195,"_40":19628,"_42":19629,"_55":57,"_53":57},"kLIPZchf",{},[],{"_30":19631,"_32":19632},[],{"_34":35,"_36":19633,"_38":1195,"_40":19634,"_42":19635,"_55":19636,"_53":57},"NHLqtXl2",{},[],"Gracias a todo lo anterior la red esta dotada de Consenso (Consensus), Procedencia (Provenance), Inmutabilidad (Immutability) y Finalidad (Finality).",{"_30":19638,"_32":19695},[19639,19657,19668,19684],{"_30":19640,"_32":19641},[],{"_34":35,"_36":19642,"_38":1195,"_40":19643,"_42":19644,"_55":19656,"_53":57},"t2cvXCZX",{},[19645,19649],{"_34":1334,"_46":19646,"_49":19647,"_40":19648,"_53":57},[218],[489],{},{"_34":45,"_46":19650,"_49":19652,"_40":19654,"_53":19655},[19651],241,[19653],277,{},"https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Problema_de_los_generales_bizantinos","Consenso: son las reglas que la red define y que todos los participantes siguen, incorporan reglas de incentivos para que los miembros de la red se comporten de forma honesta y si no lo hicieran el resto de la red lo detectaría (resuelve el problema de los generales bizantinos).",{"_30":19658,"_32":19659},[],{"_34":35,"_36":19660,"_38":1195,"_40":19661,"_42":19662,"_55":19667,"_53":57},"ppOac7fl",{},[19663],{"_34":1334,"_46":19664,"_49":19665,"_40":19666,"_53":57},[218],[1571],{},"Procedencia: lejos de lo que opinan quienes no conocen Bitcoin, Bitcoin es pseudo-anónimo, todas las operaciones son registradas, ese registro proporciona trazabilidad y transparencia a toda la red de las operaciones, lo cual brinda un nivel más de seguridad y confianza en la red.",{"_30":19669,"_32":19670},[],{"_34":35,"_36":19671,"_38":1195,"_40":19672,"_42":19673,"_55":19683,"_53":57},"fwQp-3mE",{},[19674,19678],{"_34":1334,"_46":19675,"_49":19676,"_40":19677,"_53":57},[218],[1395],{},{"_34":45,"_46":19679,"_49":19680,"_40":19681,"_53":19682},[8850],[2510],{},"https://dinerosinreglas.com/bitcoin-mining-time/","Inmutabilidad: las operaciones no pueden ser modificadas bajo ningún concepto, es a través de una serie de procesos criptográficos que se dota a la red de un mecanismo a prueba de manipulaciones y junto con el sellado de bloques que los mineros realizan, blinda la red y la dota de una seguridad que a día de hoy ninguna otra red similar tiene.",{"_30":19685,"_32":19686},[],{"_34":35,"_36":19687,"_38":1195,"_40":19688,"_42":19689,"_55":19694,"_53":57},"fwDva43V",{},[19690],{"_34":1334,"_46":19691,"_49":19692,"_40":19693,"_53":57},[218],[1839],{},"Finalidad: es el mecanismo que tiene el protocolo de Bitcoin para gestionar la probabilidad de que tu operación sea aceptada por el resto de la red y no quede fuera del sistema. Es decir la revisión de que todos los bloques aceptados no podrán alterarse, revertirse o cancelarse (después de haberse aceptado por completo).",{"_34":35,"_36":19696,"_38":1195,"_40":19697,"_42":19698,"_55":19699,"_53":57},"YbzrrMCI",{"_107":1465},[],"Estos conceptos, son más complejos de lo que parecen y son los que rigen el funcionamiento de Bitcoin. Y aunque es mi idea explicarlos con mayor detalle más adelante, ahora para simplificar la comprensión en este punto, diremos que:",{"_30":19701,"_32":19702},[],{"_34":35,"_36":19703,"_38":1195,"_40":19704,"_42":19705,"_55":57,"_53":57},"tbaGMBb0",{},[],{"_30":19707,"_32":19708},[],{"_34":35,"_36":19709,"_38":1195,"_40":19710,"_42":19711,"_55":19722,"_53":57},"dZYCl3vO",{},[19712,19716],{"_34":1334,"_46":19713,"_49":19714,"_40":19715,"_53":57},[1421],[7343],{},{"_34":45,"_46":19717,"_49":19718,"_40":19720,"_53":19721},[1421],[19719],222,{},"https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadena_de_bloques","Todos estos conceptos hacen de Bitcoin una tecnología disruptiva, única al momento, que no solo provee de mecanismos de control, de transferencia de valor, sino que además ha provisto de nuevas tecnologías, como Blockchain, la cual es, desde mi punto de vista, una tecnología periférica que se ha puesto de moda y del cual hablaré en otra ocasión con mayor detalle.",{"_30":19724,"_32":19725},[],{"_34":35,"_36":19726,"_38":1195,"_40":19727,"_42":19728,"_55":1474,"_53":57},"xUOX8xVG",{},[],{"_30":19730,"_32":19731},[],{"_34":1359,"_36":19732,"_38":1195,"_40":19733,"_42":19734,"_55":19735,"_53":57},"EH166RsC",{},[],"Bloques",{"_30":19737,"_32":19874},[19738,19750,19757,19814,19821],{"_30":19739,"_32":19740},[],{"_34":35,"_36":19741,"_38":1195,"_40":19742,"_42":19743,"_55":19749,"_53":57},"G3zZilBy",{},[19744],{"_34":45,"_46":19745,"_49":19746,"_40":19747,"_53":19748},[1377],[1749],{},"https://bitcoin.stackexchange.com/a/2355/102854","Número mágico 0xD9B4BEF9",{"_30":19751,"_32":19752},[],{"_34":35,"_36":19753,"_38":1195,"_40":19754,"_42":19755,"_55":19756,"_53":57},"chGpclkN",{},[],"Tamaño de bloque",{"_30":19758,"_32":19809},[19759,19766,19773,19780,19791,19802],{"_30":19760,"_32":19761},[],{"_34":35,"_36":19762,"_38":1195,"_40":19763,"_42":19764,"_55":19765,"_53":57},"I-xt0lF6",{},[],"Versión: Número de versión del protocolo bitcoin",{"_30":19767,"_32":19768},[],{"_34":35,"_36":19769,"_38":1195,"_40":19770,"_42":19771,"_55":19772,"_53":57},"loZTUFvw",{},[],"Hash de la cabecera del bloque anterior",{"_30":19774,"_32":19775},[],{"_34":35,"_36":19776,"_38":1195,"_40":19777,"_42":19778,"_55":19779,"_53":57},"XbuFZI-4",{},[],"Hash del contenido del bloque",{"_30":19781,"_32":19782},[],{"_34":35,"_36":19783,"_38":1195,"_40":19784,"_42":19785,"_55":19790,"_53":57},"BtQ25dfN",{},[19786],{"_34":45,"_46":19787,"_49":19788,"_40":19789,"_53":19682},[218],[1839],{},"Timestamp",{"_30":19792,"_32":19793},[],{"_34":35,"_36":19794,"_38":1195,"_40":19795,"_42":19796,"_55":19801,"_53":57},"oGR33qbs",{},[19797],{"_34":45,"_46":19798,"_49":19799,"_40":19800,"_53":9328},[218],[1641],{},"Dificultad minera del bloque",{"_30":19803,"_32":19804},[],{"_34":35,"_36":19805,"_38":1195,"_40":19806,"_42":19807,"_55":19808,"_53":57},"du2gkIsZ",{},[],"Nonce",{"_34":35,"_36":19810,"_38":1195,"_40":19811,"_42":19812,"_55":19813,"_53":57},"dY0bg4h0",{"_107":1465},[],"Cabecera de bloque (a su vez la cabecera de bloque tiene la siguiente estructura)\n",{"_30":19815,"_32":19816},[],{"_34":35,"_36":19817,"_38":1195,"_40":19818,"_42":19819,"_55":19820,"_53":57},"SYcBzZjD",{},[],"Contador de transacciones",{"_30":19822,"_32":19865},[19823,19830,19837,19844,19851,19858],{"_30":19824,"_32":19825},[],{"_34":35,"_36":19826,"_38":1195,"_40":19827,"_42":19828,"_55":19829,"_53":57},"TJqL_cF-",{},[],"Versión",{"_30":19831,"_32":19832},[],{"_34":35,"_36":19833,"_38":1195,"_40":19834,"_42":19835,"_55":19836,"_53":57},"f0bKKU2p",{},[],"Número de entradas",{"_30":19838,"_32":19839},[],{"_34":35,"_36":19840,"_38":1195,"_40":19841,"_42":19842,"_55":19843,"_53":57},"b2YUAY6B",{},[],"Variable Entradas",{"_30":19845,"_32":19846},[],{"_34":35,"_36":19847,"_38":1195,"_40":19848,"_42":19849,"_55":19850,"_53":57},"DeRt5Xqo",{},[],"Número de salidas",{"_30":19852,"_32":19853},[],{"_34":35,"_36":19854,"_38":1195,"_40":19855,"_42":19856,"_55":19857,"_53":57},"xUoRSvIG",{},[],"Salidas",{"_30":19859,"_32":19860},[],{"_34":35,"_36":19861,"_38":1195,"_40":19862,"_42":19863,"_55":19864,"_53":57},"_oRme_Ou",{},[],"LockTime",{"_34":35,"_36":19866,"_38":1195,"_40":19867,"_42":19868,"_55":19873,"_53":57},"-oYFpdjT",{"_107":1465},[19869],{"_34":1334,"_46":19870,"_49":19871,"_40":19872,"_53":57},[218],[1377],{},"Transacciones (a su vez la transacción tiene la siguiente estructura)\n",{"_34":35,"_36":19875,"_38":1195,"_40":19876,"_42":19877,"_55":19887,"_53":57},"5kFG7eSG",{"_107":1465},[19878,19882],{"_34":1334,"_46":19879,"_49":19880,"_40":19881,"_53":57},[4103],[6345],{},{"_34":45,"_46":19883,"_49":19884,"_40":19885,"_53":19886},[2556],[1783],{},"https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anexo:Estructura_de_transacciones_y_bloques_en_Bitcoin","Volviendo al funcionamiento de Bitcoin, y como hemos comentado, las operaciones se registran en bloques, esos bloques, tienen una estructura bastante sencilla:",{"_30":19889,"_32":19890},[],{"_34":35,"_36":19891,"_38":1195,"_40":19892,"_42":19893,"_55":57,"_53":57},"vIDaPK2I",{},[],{"_30":19895,"_32":19896},[],{"_34":1359,"_36":19897,"_38":1195,"_40":19898,"_42":19899,"_55":19900,"_53":57},"Q2wHC-kt",{},[],"Transacciones",{"_30":19902,"_32":19949},[19903,19910,19917,19924,19931,19942],{"_30":19904,"_32":19905},[],{"_34":35,"_36":19906,"_38":1195,"_40":19907,"_42":19908,"_55":19909,"_53":57},"9oReBBCr",{},[],"Versión: Es la versión a usar para la trx, dependiendo de la versión puede cambiar la estructura de datos del bloque.",{"_30":19911,"_32":19912},[],{"_34":35,"_36":19913,"_38":1195,"_40":19914,"_42":19915,"_55":19916,"_53":57},"ZlWpzY5F",{},[],"Número de entradas: Es el total de inputs que se están incluyendo en la trx.",{"_30":19918,"_32":19919},[],{"_34":35,"_36":19920,"_38":1195,"_40":19921,"_42":19922,"_55":19923,"_53":57},"jW7pQNXc",{},[],"Variable Entradas: Indica las trx incluidas.",{"_30":19925,"_32":19926},[],{"_34":35,"_36":19927,"_38":1195,"_40":19928,"_42":19929,"_55":19930,"_53":57},"uniebjl_",{},[],"Número de salidas: Indica el total de outputs que se que se incluyen en la trx.",{"_30":19932,"_32":19933},[],{"_34":35,"_36":19934,"_38":1195,"_40":19935,"_42":19936,"_55":19941,"_53":57},"1jIGOs0W",{},[19937],{"_34":1334,"_46":19938,"_49":19939,"_40":19940,"_53":57},[4294],[4020],{},"Salidas: Indica las trx de salida esto se le conoce como UTXO‘s.",{"_30":19943,"_32":19944},[],{"_34":35,"_36":19945,"_38":1195,"_40":19946,"_42":19947,"_55":19948,"_53":57},"bli3HUyq",{},[],"LockTime: indica una condición de tiempo para que la transacción puede ser agregada a la cadena de bloques.",{"_34":35,"_36":19950,"_38":1195,"_40":19951,"_42":19952,"_55":19953,"_53":57},"2CJoJHZ4",{"_107":1465},[],"De toda la estructura anterior, la que tal vez interese más en este momento de la lectura, y por entender dónde estaría el «dinero» dentro de Bitcoin, es la Transacción (trx). Como ya indicaba una transacción contiene otra estructura, que viéndola con un poco más de detalle contiene:",{"_30":19955,"_32":19956},[],{"_34":35,"_36":19957,"_38":1195,"_40":19958,"_42":19959,"_55":57,"_53":57},"la5FBFbV",{},[],{"_30":19961,"_32":19962},[],{"_34":35,"_36":19963,"_38":1195,"_40":19964,"_42":19965,"_55":19966,"_53":57},"oWWVxHMF",{},[],"Cada campo dentro de toda la estructura del bloque tiene una función en particular y es de importancia, sin embargo para entender en dónde se almacena la referencia al valor de «dinero» que se almacena para una transacción en particular, es de vital relevancia entender que es en las salidas o UTXO’s (Unspent Transaction Outputs) donde se tiene ese «dinero», estas salidas son reconocidas por todos los participantes en la red.",{"_30":19968,"_32":19969},[],{"_34":35,"_36":19970,"_38":1195,"_40":19971,"_42":19972,"_55":1474,"_53":57},"5Purrznw",{},[],{"_30":19974,"_32":19975},[],{"_34":1359,"_36":19976,"_38":1195,"_40":19977,"_42":19978,"_55":19979,"_53":57},"UzqEU708",{},[],"UTXO",{"_30":19981,"_32":20016},[19982,19988,19995],{"_30":19983,"_32":19984},[],{"_34":35,"_36":19985,"_38":1195,"_40":19986,"_42":19987,"_55":19175,"_53":57},"kjUgIMeI",{},[],{"_30":19989,"_32":19990},[],{"_34":35,"_36":19991,"_38":1195,"_40":19992,"_42":19993,"_55":19994,"_53":57},"KeLIbzpl",{},[],"Un script de bloqueo, el cual define las condiciones que se tienen que cumplir para que el UTXO pueda ser gastado.",{"_30":19996,"_32":20012},[19997],{"_30":19998,"_32":19999},[],{"_34":35,"_36":20000,"_38":1195,"_40":20001,"_42":20002,"_55":20011,"_53":57},"98NMTudP",{},[20003,20007],{"_34":1334,"_46":20004,"_49":20005,"_40":20006,"_53":57},[218],[12416],{},{"_34":45,"_46":20008,"_49":20009,"_40":20010,"_53":10006},[11674],[12917],{},"Un comentario aquí, como podrás entender, en realidad en Bitcoin lo que tienes son referencias a transacciones las que identifican cuantos bitcoins tiene alguien, esto se explica mejor en el funcionamiento de las carteras o wallets.",{"_34":35,"_36":20013,"_38":1195,"_40":20014,"_42":20015,"_55":57,"_53":57},"GySFigRl",{"_107":5922},[],{"_34":35,"_36":20017,"_38":1195,"_40":20018,"_42":20019,"_55":20020,"_53":57},"SRUM22xo",{"_107":1465},[],"La salida o UTXO contiene dos partes:",{"_30":20022,"_32":20023},[],{"_34":35,"_36":20024,"_38":1195,"_40":20025,"_42":20026,"_55":57,"_53":57},"i5Cuw8Et",{},[],{"_30":20028,"_32":20029},[],{"_34":35,"_36":20030,"_38":1195,"_40":20031,"_42":20032,"_55":20033,"_53":57},"DX84kN7L",{},[],"Para poder hacer uso del UTXO, el protocolo establece mecanismos que permiten validar que esas salidas o UXTO’s son tuyos y que puedes gastarlos y/o en el caso contrario, que son de quién te los envía y puedes recibirlos.",{"_30":20035,"_32":20036},[],{"_34":35,"_36":20037,"_38":1195,"_40":20038,"_42":20039,"_55":1474,"_53":57},"cR9YZ5pZ",{},[],{"_30":20041,"_32":20042},[],{"_34":35,"_36":20043,"_38":1195,"_40":20044,"_42":20045,"_55":20052,"_53":57},"YGdbrOfH",{},[20046],{"_34":45,"_46":20047,"_49":20049,"_40":20051,"_53":7174},[20048],421,[20050],439,{},"Imagina estos UTXOS, como las monedas que puedes gastar, con la salvedad que al ser monedas electrónicas, no las tienes en tu bolsillo (no te asustes, tampoco tienes lo que dice tu tarjeta de débito), sino que están registrados en la cadena de bloques de Bitcoin, que es inalterable, incensurable y que si tienes tus llaves de acceso, nadie puede usar en tu nombre. Si no te ha quedado claro el concepto de UTXO, te dejo este otro artículo donde reviso un poco más a detalle el tema.",{"_30":20054,"_32":20055},[],{"_34":35,"_36":20056,"_38":1195,"_40":20057,"_42":20058,"_55":1474,"_53":57},"aoJY3i8B",{},[],{"_30":20060,"_32":20061},[],{"_34":35,"_36":20062,"_38":1195,"_40":20063,"_42":20064,"_55":20065,"_53":57},"TzF5NENl",{},[],"Podríamos profundizar mucho más y sobre todo en la parte técnica de como funciona Bitcoin, sin embargo, creo que en este punto podríamos darnos una breve idea de como funciona Bitcoin y ver dónde esta la magia que hace que todo esto sea seguro y funcione.",{"_30":20067,"_32":20068},[],{"_34":35,"_36":20069,"_38":1195,"_40":20070,"_42":20071,"_55":1474,"_53":57},"MlYkL0ju",{},[],{"_30":20073,"_32":20074},[],{"_34":35,"_36":20075,"_38":1195,"_40":20076,"_42":20077,"_55":20078,"_53":57},"LPQkV5KS",{},[],"Es mi intención ir desarrollando más contenido que profundice en los temas aquí desarrollados y en todos los conceptos básicos y no tan básicos que hacen que esta tecnología sea tan increíble, por el momento lo dejamos aquí.",{"_30":20080,"_32":20108},[20081,20092,20098],{"_30":20082,"_32":20083},[],{"_34":35,"_36":20084,"_38":1185,"_40":20085,"_42":20086,"_55":20091,"_53":57},"UaHcEVvf",{},[20087],{"_34":1437,"_46":20088,"_49":20089,"_40":20090,"_53":57},[218],[5451],{}," ★★★★★",{"_30":20093,"_32":20094},[],{"_34":4232,"_36":20095,"_38":1185,"_40":20096,"_42":20097,"_55":57,"_53":4239},"cA0XQv92",{"_107":108,"_120":4235,"_4236":4237},[],{"_30":20099,"_32":20100},[],{"_34":35,"_36":20101,"_38":1195,"_40":20102,"_42":20103,"_55":17410,"_53":57},"nH3DzB7D",{},[20104],{"_34":45,"_46":20105,"_49":20106,"_40":20107,"_53":17409},[1353],[2999],{},{"_34":35,"_36":20109,"_38":1185,"_40":20110,"_42":20111,"_55":57,"_53":57},"JzG5wymC",{"_107":108},[],[82],"/blog/como-funciona-bitcoin","2025-06-17T10:02:14.279Z",{"_120":1204,"_122":1205,"_124":1205,"_130":6,"_131":132},{},{"_139":1195,"_143":1202},{"_36":1182,"_151":82,"_83":20119,"_110":1185,"_153":-5,"_154":-5,"_155":-5,"_156":-5,"_150":6},[288,1184],1779649838835,[230,1182,1185,6],"[\"ENTITY\",\"hm://z6MknQkJAHE8T2Au5FLRZS2Pm3yME2dmJPcbTjwXXFUGq7BY/blog/como-funciona-bitcoin\",\"bafy2bzaceby5hhlz7tmqonyrmbayfam7jxnlqh47v5ofsyhpaos7hsuivwmgi\",true]",{"_165":20124,"_228":20867,"_231":20868},{"_167":20125,"_212":213,"_214":20866,"_216":-5,"_217":218,"_219":218,"_220":218,"_221":-5,"_222":-5,"_223":23,"_224":225,"_226":227},{"_34":25,"_25":20126,"_36":20864},{"_27":20127,"_110":1110,"_111":82,"_112":20858,"_83":20859,"_114":1119,"_116":20860,"_118":20861,"_137":20862,"_139":1120,"_141":20863,"_145":146},[20128,20135,20142,20149,20155,20161,20172,20179,20186,20198,20204,20219,20226,20233,20239,20246,20252,20259,20265,20272,20278,20285,20291,20298,20317,20329,20335,20347,20353,20360,20366,20378,20384,20404,20433,20439,20446,20452,20459,20465,20481,20487,20499,20505,20512,20518,20525,20531,20543,20574,20580,20591,20597,20604,20610,20617,20624,20630,20637,20643,20654,20660,20671,20740,20746,20753,20760,20767,20780,20786,20797,20803,20810,20826,20832,20838,20844],{"_30":20129,"_32":20130},[],{"_34":35,"_36":20131,"_38":1120,"_40":20132,"_42":20133,"_55":20134,"_53":57},"5g7LOjK3",{},[],"Avisos importantes: Una de las reglas más valiosas en el mundo Bitcoin es: no confíes, verifica. Por ello debes leer, aprender y con ello tomar tus propias decisiones. ",{"_30":20136,"_32":20137},[],{"_34":35,"_36":20138,"_38":1120,"_40":20139,"_42":20140,"_55":20141,"_53":57},"2T2y8wTm",{},[],"¡Gracias por pasarte por aquí!",{"_30":20143,"_32":20144},[],{"_34":35,"_36":20145,"_38":1120,"_40":20146,"_42":20147,"_55":20148,"_53":57},"qIymX5ld",{},[]," ",{"_30":20150,"_32":20151},[],{"_34":1359,"_36":20152,"_38":1120,"_40":20153,"_42":20154,"_55":1129,"_53":57},"w6M2jH73",{},[],{"_30":20156,"_32":20157},[],{"_34":35,"_36":20158,"_38":1120,"_40":20159,"_42":20160,"_55":20148,"_53":57},"Mnremqbj",{},[],{"_30":20162,"_32":20163},[],{"_34":35,"_36":20164,"_38":1120,"_40":20165,"_42":20166,"_55":20171,"_53":57},"uCdd-R44",{},[20167],{"_34":1334,"_46":20168,"_49":20169,"_40":20170,"_53":57},[4439],[2392],{},"Antes de decir que es Bitcoin, voy a decir brevemente lo que Bitcoin no es (desde mi punto de vista).",{"_30":20173,"_32":20174},[],{"_34":35,"_36":20175,"_38":1120,"_40":20176,"_42":20177,"_55":20178,"_53":57},"3IxsoGiz",{},[],"Bitcoin no es una empresa: no hay una patente o una marca comercial detrás.",{"_30":20180,"_32":20181},[],{"_34":35,"_36":20182,"_38":1120,"_40":20183,"_42":20184,"_55":20185,"_53":57},"uyWLX9lZ",{},[],"Bitcoin no tiene una representación. No hay una dirección física o postal a la que puedas hacer llegar tus quejas, demandas o felicitaciones.",{"_30":20187,"_32":20188},[],{"_34":35,"_36":20189,"_38":1120,"_40":20190,"_42":20191,"_55":20197,"_53":57},"1sqbUH-4",{},[20192],{"_34":45,"_46":20193,"_49":20194,"_40":20195,"_53":20196},[12687],[3826],{},"https://estudiobitcoin.com/red-de-bitcoin/","Bitcoin no tiene sede. Al momento de escribir este artículo existen más o menos unos 100,000 nodos (sin tomar en consideración a los nodos mineros) distribuidos por todo el mundo.",{"_30":20199,"_32":20200},[],{"_34":35,"_36":20201,"_38":1120,"_40":20202,"_42":20203,"_55":57,"_53":57},"xd6xBJ4b",{},[],{"_30":20205,"_32":20206},[],{"_34":35,"_36":20207,"_38":1120,"_40":20208,"_42":20209,"_55":20218,"_53":57},"Ebz0yZsm",{},[20210,20214],{"_34":1334,"_46":20211,"_49":20212,"_40":20213,"_53":57},[218],[1987],{},{"_34":1437,"_46":20215,"_49":20216,"_40":20217,"_53":57},[218],[1987],{},"Ahora, dicho eso, diré que:",{"_30":20220,"_32":20221},[],{"_34":35,"_36":20222,"_38":1120,"_40":20223,"_42":20224,"_55":20225,"_53":57},"BBxae6Qw",{},[],"Bitcoin es, en esencia, un concepto sencillo: es un protocolo de intercambio, persona a persona, de valor.",{"_30":20227,"_32":20228},[],{"_34":35,"_36":20229,"_38":1120,"_40":20230,"_42":20231,"_55":20232,"_53":57},"q_gydC9t",{},[],"Sin embargo en sus detalles es un tanto más complejo. De hecho, yo lo definiría como un protocolo de detalles.",{"_30":20234,"_32":20235},[],{"_34":35,"_36":20236,"_38":1120,"_40":20237,"_42":20238,"_55":57,"_53":57},"I6GG1Ofe",{},[],{"_30":20240,"_32":20241},[],{"_34":35,"_36":20242,"_38":1120,"_40":20243,"_42":20244,"_55":20245,"_53":57},"BU1jQDtP",{},[],"Si hablamos de la tecnología (Bitcoin, con mayúsculas) es una serie de implementaciones, desarrollos basados en Criptografía, Consenso, Pruebas de Trabajo y Almacenamiento que en conjunto crean una arquitectura pocas veces vista antes de su concepción. ",{"_30":20247,"_32":20248},[],{"_34":35,"_36":20249,"_38":1120,"_40":20250,"_42":20251,"_55":57,"_53":57},"qiXJN2M2",{},[],{"_30":20253,"_32":20254},[],{"_34":35,"_36":20255,"_38":1120,"_40":20256,"_42":20257,"_55":20258,"_53":57},"azdbTm6K",{},[],"Y es cierto que como toda tecnología nueva e innovadora, tiene sus mejoras y siembra sus dudas, pero ….. ¿recuerdas cuando te plantaste por primera vez frente a un ordenador?, por muy milenial que seas, tus dudas tendrías.",{"_30":20260,"_32":20261},[],{"_34":35,"_36":20262,"_38":1120,"_40":20263,"_42":20264,"_55":57,"_53":57},"Ozc6yRG4",{},[],{"_30":20266,"_32":20267},[],{"_34":35,"_36":20268,"_38":1120,"_40":20269,"_42":20270,"_55":20271,"_53":57},"AQHkJ5dm",{},[],"Por el lado práctico, si hablamos de bitcoin (con minúsculas, yo lo distingo así, no todo el mundo lo hace), nos referimos a ventajas tan importantes como la posibilidad de disponer de tu dinero cuando lo creas conveniente, de evitar el doble gasto, de tener el control de tu dinero (ser tu propio banco) y de la privacidad en tus transacciones con otros, sin tener que ceder toda tu información.",{"_30":20273,"_32":20274},[],{"_34":35,"_36":20275,"_38":1120,"_40":20276,"_42":20277,"_55":57,"_53":57},"QS2CxGU3",{},[],{"_30":20279,"_32":20280},[],{"_34":35,"_36":20281,"_38":1120,"_40":20282,"_42":20283,"_55":20284,"_53":57},"deze6zPK",{},[],"Este último punto ha dado pie a pensar que se trata de ocultar y de hacer algo malo. Suelen decirte…. si no estás haciendo nada malo, no tienes nada que ocultar.",{"_30":20286,"_32":20287},[],{"_34":35,"_36":20288,"_38":1120,"_40":20289,"_42":20290,"_55":57,"_53":57},"2p4dnv1q",{},[],{"_30":20292,"_32":20293},[],{"_34":35,"_36":20294,"_38":1120,"_40":20295,"_42":20296,"_55":20297,"_53":57},"KYGMiwoL",{},[],"Pero es al contrario: como no hago nada malo no tengo por qué informar al resto del mundo. ",{"_30":20299,"_32":20313},[20300,20307],{"_30":20301,"_32":20302},[],{"_34":35,"_36":20303,"_38":1120,"_40":20304,"_42":20305,"_55":20306,"_53":57},"uvUhGqwg",{},[],"Una reflexión…. ¿cuánto te pagan Google o Apple por todos los datos que les cedes? (saben más de ti que tu mismo) y ¿cuánto te paga Facebook por toda la información, no solo tuya, sino de tus conexiones, que le cedes? Piénsalo un poco.",{"_30":20308,"_32":20309},[],{"_34":35,"_36":20310,"_38":1120,"_40":20311,"_42":20312,"_55":57,"_53":57},"sIRL2Rk5",{},[],{"_34":35,"_36":20314,"_38":1120,"_40":20315,"_42":20316,"_55":57,"_53":57},"aXSmPR1W",{"_107":108},[],{"_30":20318,"_32":20319},[],{"_34":35,"_36":20320,"_38":1120,"_40":20321,"_42":20322,"_55":20328,"_53":57},"X3d5hy2i",{},[20323],{"_34":1334,"_46":20324,"_49":20325,"_40":20327,"_53":57},[13032],[20326],279,{},"Dicho lo anterior y para profundizar en lo que pretende y proporciona Bitcoin, hay que conocer y re-visitar muchas cosas que creías entender; volver a conceptos que pensabas que entendías o simplemente volver a estos conceptos pero con una mirada diferente, una mirada más amplia.",{"_30":20330,"_32":20331},[],{"_34":35,"_36":20332,"_38":1120,"_40":20333,"_42":20334,"_55":57,"_53":57},"0QGTzxgw",{},[],{"_30":20336,"_32":20337},[],{"_34":35,"_36":20338,"_38":1120,"_40":20339,"_42":20340,"_55":20346,"_53":57},"C9-H6WS_",{},[20341],{"_34":45,"_46":20342,"_49":20343,"_40":20344,"_53":20345},[1629],[7755],{},"https://bitcoin.org/en/bitcoin-paper","Como todo, Bitcoin tiene un inicio y ese inicio en realidad no fue con el lanzamiento del whitepaper de Satoshi Nakamoto (te recomiendo ampliamente que leas estas 9 páginas).",{"_30":20348,"_32":20349},[],{"_34":35,"_36":20350,"_38":1120,"_40":20351,"_42":20352,"_55":57,"_53":57},"rN31ALl2",{},[],{"_30":20354,"_32":20355},[],{"_34":1359,"_36":20356,"_38":1120,"_40":20357,"_42":20358,"_55":20359,"_53":57},"YeNSiQkj",{},[],"Iniciando el camino ",{"_30":20361,"_32":20362},[],{"_34":35,"_36":20363,"_38":1120,"_40":20364,"_42":20365,"_55":57,"_53":57},"v0VCcu_b",{},[],{"_30":20367,"_32":20368},[],{"_34":35,"_36":20369,"_38":1120,"_40":20370,"_42":20371,"_55":20377,"_53":57},"VdBkKhuP",{},[20372],{"_34":45,"_46":20373,"_49":20374,"_40":20375,"_53":20376},[2024],[3826],{},"https://dinerosinreglas.com/blockchain/","Bitcoin se inició a partir de muchos conceptos, muchas ideas que se fueron acumulando en el pasado.",{"_30":20379,"_32":20380},[],{"_34":35,"_36":20381,"_38":1120,"_40":20382,"_42":20383,"_55":57,"_53":57},"SrcBBZip",{},[],{"_30":20385,"_32":20386},[],{"_34":35,"_36":20387,"_38":1120,"_40":20388,"_42":20389,"_55":20403,"_53":57},"oozFjq87",{},[20390,20394,20398],{"_34":1334,"_46":20391,"_49":20392,"_40":20393,"_53":57},[2556,3827],[2221,7794],{},{"_34":2813,"_46":20395,"_49":20396,"_40":20397,"_53":57},[2556],[2221],{},{"_34":45,"_46":20399,"_49":20400,"_40":20401,"_53":20402},[3827],[1805],{},"https://www.activism.net/cypherpunk/manifesto.html","Creo sin lugar a dudas que el gran detonante de todas las ideas que permitieron a Satoshi Nakamoto publicar el whitepaper, fue la madurez de Internet y el movimiento de cypherpunks, quienes desde los 90’s empezaron a trabajar en dotar a Internet de una privacidad que empezaban a visualizar en riesgo.",{"_30":20405,"_32":20429},[20406,20418],{"_30":20407,"_32":20408},[],{"_34":35,"_36":20409,"_38":1120,"_40":20410,"_42":20411,"_55":20417,"_53":57},"cLtiE7mu",{},[20412],{"_34":1334,"_46":20413,"_49":20414,"_40":20416,"_53":57},[218],[20415],291,{},"Privacy is necessary for an open society in the electronic age. Privacy is not secrecy. A private matter is something one doesn't want the whole world to know, but a secret matter is something one doesn't want anybody to know. Privacy is the power to selectively reveal oneself to the world.",{"_30":20419,"_32":20420},[],{"_34":35,"_36":20421,"_38":1120,"_40":20422,"_42":20423,"_55":20428,"_53":57},"EWFl4-c6",{},[20424],{"_34":1334,"_46":20425,"_49":20426,"_40":20427,"_53":57},[218],[1571],{},"Eric Hughes",{"_34":35,"_36":20430,"_38":1120,"_40":20431,"_42":20432,"_55":20148,"_53":57},"Kmb0Szk5",{"_107":5922},[],{"_30":20434,"_32":20435},[],{"_34":35,"_36":20436,"_38":1120,"_40":20437,"_42":20438,"_55":20148,"_53":57},"K41TIOLr",{},[],{"_30":20440,"_32":20441},[],{"_34":1359,"_36":20442,"_38":1120,"_40":20443,"_42":20444,"_55":20445,"_53":57},"venvY3Ed",{},[],"Una crisis financiera y un escrito de 9 páginas",{"_30":20447,"_32":20448},[],{"_34":35,"_36":20449,"_38":1120,"_40":20450,"_42":20451,"_55":20148,"_53":57},"0h1RtrDB",{},[],{"_30":20453,"_32":20454},[],{"_34":35,"_36":20455,"_38":1120,"_40":20456,"_42":20457,"_55":20458,"_53":57},"b0eMUP7N",{},[],"Seguramente Satoshi (sea quién sea) ya estaría trabajando desde antes en la idea de Bitcoin, pero no cabe duda de que la crisis financiera de 2008 fue la gran precursora para su lanzamiento.",{"_30":20460,"_32":20461},[],{"_34":35,"_36":20462,"_38":1120,"_40":20463,"_42":20464,"_55":57,"_53":57},"wggrSwev",{},[],{"_30":20466,"_32":20467},[],{"_34":35,"_36":20468,"_38":1120,"_40":20469,"_42":20470,"_55":20480,"_53":57},"XGOwGkb5",{},[20471,20476],{"_34":1334,"_46":20472,"_49":20474,"_40":20475,"_53":57},[20473],223,[6471],{},{"_34":45,"_46":20477,"_49":20478,"_40":20479,"_53":20345},[20473],[6471],{},"De hecho, los primeros esbozos de la idea del Bitcoin fueron compartidos en listas de correo del sitio metzdowd.com (cypherpunk mailing list), donde finalmente, en octubre de 2008, Satoshi Nakamoto, publicó su whitepapeper:“Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System”.",{"_30":20482,"_32":20483},[],{"_34":35,"_36":20484,"_38":1120,"_40":20485,"_42":20486,"_55":57,"_53":57},"o9ZugNaV",{},[],{"_30":20488,"_32":20489},[],{"_34":35,"_36":20490,"_38":1120,"_40":20491,"_42":20492,"_55":20498,"_53":57},"VOXBHkmO",{},[20493],{"_34":45,"_46":20494,"_49":20495,"_40":20496,"_53":20497},[5082],[7184],{},"https://bitcoinrabbithole.org/","Como ya indicaba, es un documento de tan solo 9 páginas con 12 puntos, que no debes perderte. Vale la pena leerlo, revisarlo, meditarlo y empezar a entrar en el Rabbit Hole.",{"_30":20500,"_32":20501},[],{"_34":35,"_36":20502,"_38":1120,"_40":20503,"_42":20504,"_55":20148,"_53":57},"Jwufutiv",{},[],{"_30":20506,"_32":20507},[],{"_34":35,"_36":20508,"_38":1120,"_40":20509,"_42":20510,"_55":20511,"_53":57},"x1DYixYw",{},[],"Un consejo: Si se te complica entender los términos y fórmulas matemáticas que vienen en el whitepaper, solo márcalos y continúa leyendo para que captes la idea completa.",{"_30":20513,"_32":20514},[],{"_34":35,"_36":20515,"_38":1120,"_40":20516,"_42":20517,"_55":57,"_53":57},"8Q9Qz6Yg",{},[],{"_30":20519,"_32":20520},[],{"_34":1359,"_36":20521,"_38":1120,"_40":20522,"_42":20523,"_55":20524,"_53":57},"B9jsTSjf",{},[],"La pizza millonaria",{"_30":20526,"_32":20527},[],{"_34":35,"_36":20528,"_38":1120,"_40":20529,"_42":20530,"_55":57,"_53":57},"scXuWh4j",{},[],{"_30":20532,"_32":20533},[],{"_34":35,"_36":20534,"_38":1120,"_40":20535,"_42":20536,"_55":20542,"_53":57},"c4MdGA5Q",{},[20537],{"_34":45,"_46":20538,"_49":20539,"_40":20540,"_53":20541},[7257],[2161],{},"https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Genesis_block","Posteriormente a la publicación de dicho whitepaper, el 3 de enero de 2009, se implementa la red peer to peer de bitcoin, con un protocolo propio, y nace el primer bloque (Genesis block). A partir de ahí, te cuento algunas anécdotas interesantes:",{"_30":20544,"_32":20570},[20545,20563],{"_30":20546,"_32":20547},[],{"_34":35,"_36":20548,"_38":1120,"_40":20549,"_42":20550,"_55":20562,"_53":57},"mnapUWeZ",{},[20551,20557],{"_34":45,"_46":20552,"_49":20554,"_40":20555,"_53":20556},[20553],278,[20415],{},"https://www.proofofkeys.com/",{"_34":45,"_46":20558,"_49":20560,"_40":20561,"_53":10006},[20559],496,[18602],{},"Hal Finney, que fue de las primeras personas en contribuir con Bitcoin, recibió 10 bitcoins directamente de Satoshi Nakamoto, y esa operación se convirtió en la primera transacción dentro de la blockchain. Por ello el 3 de enero de cada año se conmemora el día denominado como «Proof of Keys«, un día donde la comunidad conmemora que es dueña de sus claves, y eso, aunque parezca poco, es parte fundamental de la libertad financiera que promueve Bitcoin (hablaré de esto con mayor detalle en las carteras).",{"_30":20564,"_32":20565},[],{"_34":35,"_36":20566,"_38":1120,"_40":20567,"_42":20568,"_55":20569,"_53":57},"DfYjUnEm",{},[],"La más famosa de las operaciones que se llevaron a cabo con bitcoin fue la compra de una pizza con 10 mil (si, has leído bien: ¡diez mil!) bitcoins por la compra de pizza’s en un sitio llamado Papa John’s. En eso está la magia de Bitcoin, esos 10 mil BTC (bitcoins), siguen valiendo, en términos de bitcoin, lo mismo, es solo que el valor de uso y de intercambio el que ha cambiado, por eso es importante volver a entender cual es el valor del dinero como «moneda» de intercambio. ",{"_34":35,"_36":20571,"_38":1120,"_40":20572,"_42":20573,"_55":57,"_53":57},"cPGoMCwI",{"_107":1465},[],{"_30":20575,"_32":20576},[],{"_34":35,"_36":20577,"_38":1120,"_40":20578,"_42":20579,"_55":57,"_53":57},"f5U2TBzJ",{},[],{"_30":20581,"_32":20582},[],{"_34":35,"_36":20583,"_38":1120,"_40":20584,"_42":20585,"_55":20590,"_53":57},"2TiFH0M6",{},[20586],{"_34":1334,"_46":20587,"_49":20588,"_40":20589,"_53":57},[51],[7713],{}," El principal objetivo de Bitcoin, es la creación de un sistema de transferencia de valor de manera que se realice de persona a persona.",{"_30":20592,"_32":20593},[],{"_34":35,"_36":20594,"_38":1120,"_40":20595,"_42":20596,"_55":20148,"_53":57},"poVeluK6",{},[],{"_30":20598,"_32":20599},[],{"_34":1359,"_36":20600,"_38":1120,"_40":20601,"_42":20602,"_55":20603,"_53":57},"n1zMPvtK",{},[],"El principio de un gran proyecto",{"_30":20605,"_32":20606},[],{"_34":35,"_36":20607,"_38":1120,"_40":20608,"_42":20609,"_55":20148,"_53":57},"6gyxyZQy",{},[],{"_30":20611,"_32":20612},[],{"_34":35,"_36":20613,"_38":1120,"_40":20614,"_42":20615,"_55":20616,"_53":57},"BgJFVUOC",{},[],"Un pequeño paréntesis para tomar contexto: Internet, ha tomado más de 20 años de adopción y desarrollo.",{"_30":20618,"_32":20619},[],{"_34":35,"_36":20620,"_38":1120,"_40":20621,"_42":20622,"_55":20623,"_53":57},"ORJvBpzW",{},[],"Y sigue en evolución.",{"_30":20625,"_32":20626},[],{"_34":35,"_36":20627,"_38":1120,"_40":20628,"_42":20629,"_55":57,"_53":57},"lqcAnmL2",{},[],{"_30":20631,"_32":20632},[],{"_34":35,"_36":20633,"_38":1120,"_40":20634,"_42":20635,"_55":20636,"_53":57},"uatLshOy",{},[]," Teniendo en cuenta lo anterior, diré que, con las herramientas avanzadas que se tienen hoy día, Satoshi no solo diseñó un gran proyecto, sino que visualizó el momento ideal y la forma de aplicar muchas de las ideas y principios de verdaderos genios del movimiento por un Internet libre.",{"_30":20638,"_32":20639},[],{"_34":35,"_36":20640,"_38":1120,"_40":20641,"_42":20642,"_55":57,"_53":57},"VdNsLB5y",{},[],{"_30":20644,"_32":20645},[],{"_34":35,"_36":20646,"_38":1120,"_40":20647,"_42":20648,"_55":20653,"_53":57},"nr4dFJfK",{},[20649],{"_34":1334,"_46":20650,"_49":20651,"_40":20652,"_53":57},[1605],[2450],{}," Gracias a todo ello, se generó la semilla de un sistema de distribución de riqueza diferente.",{"_30":20655,"_32":20656},[],{"_34":35,"_36":20657,"_38":1120,"_40":20658,"_42":20659,"_55":57,"_53":57},"bEA2B2Ej",{},[],{"_30":20661,"_32":20662},[],{"_34":35,"_36":20663,"_38":1120,"_40":20664,"_42":20665,"_55":20670,"_53":57},"jW4XG9kY",{},[20666],{"_34":45,"_46":20667,"_49":20668,"_40":20669,"_53":12422},[2691],[2431],{}," Para mi, ese es el verdadero mérito y la magia de Bitcoin.Satoshi conjugó en su whitepaper conceptos que, como comentaba, hay que entender, re-descubrir o estudiar, y que son tales como:",{"_30":20672,"_32":20736},[20673,20680,20687,20694,20701,20708,20715,20722,20729],{"_30":20674,"_32":20675},[],{"_34":35,"_36":20676,"_38":1120,"_40":20677,"_42":20678,"_55":20679,"_53":57},"9JtRQbON",{},[],"Inmutabilidad",{"_30":20681,"_32":20682},[],{"_34":35,"_36":20683,"_38":1120,"_40":20684,"_42":20685,"_55":20686,"_53":57},"S-4-jjbn",{},[],"Consenso",{"_30":20688,"_32":20689},[],{"_34":35,"_36":20690,"_38":1120,"_40":20691,"_42":20692,"_55":20693,"_53":57},"j56bx5Ep",{},[],"Criptografía",{"_30":20695,"_32":20696},[],{"_34":35,"_36":20697,"_38":1120,"_40":20698,"_42":20699,"_55":20700,"_53":57},"fRI7gmDA",{},[],"Descentralización",{"_30":20702,"_32":20703},[],{"_34":35,"_36":20704,"_38":1120,"_40":20705,"_42":20706,"_55":20707,"_53":57},"NBFE41UA",{},[],"Valor",{"_30":20709,"_32":20710},[],{"_34":35,"_36":20711,"_38":1120,"_40":20712,"_42":20713,"_55":20714,"_53":57},"h_pGo8i2",{},[],"Dinero",{"_30":20716,"_32":20717},[],{"_34":35,"_36":20718,"_38":1120,"_40":20719,"_42":20720,"_55":20721,"_53":57},"gtfkZjbi",{},[],"Economía",{"_30":20723,"_32":20724},[],{"_34":35,"_36":20725,"_38":1120,"_40":20726,"_42":20727,"_55":20728,"_53":57},"ZceOexX4",{},[],"Confianza",{"_30":20730,"_32":20731},[],{"_34":35,"_36":20732,"_38":1120,"_40":20733,"_42":20734,"_55":20735,"_53":57},"Vml35k9b",{},[],"Privacidad",{"_34":35,"_36":20737,"_38":1120,"_40":20738,"_42":20739,"_55":57,"_53":57},"Sd0z1D0b",{"_107":1465},[],{"_30":20741,"_32":20742},[],{"_34":35,"_36":20743,"_38":1120,"_40":20744,"_42":20745,"_55":57,"_53":57},"QQazsgv0",{},[],{"_30":20747,"_32":20748},[],{"_34":35,"_36":20749,"_38":1120,"_40":20750,"_42":20751,"_55":20752,"_53":57},"7UTLFYlO",{},[],"Y 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Decentralized